Information Security Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Information Security Management - Essay Example There is a need for ensuring an appraisal of the operations of the information system at Hewlett-Packard in a bid to consolidate an organized arrangement in the prevention of danger. In view of the rise in the level of an insecure system within the operation systems of Hewlett Packard, there is a need to come up with various measures that can curb the danger that the company is exporting. In addition, there is also need for addressing the possibility of the occurrence of disasters like fire that may end up damaging property within the company. Presently, the operating system the staff is using is susceptible to threats outside and within the company. There is need for a safe operating system that the staff uses in order to ensure confidentiality of information within the organization. This report comes up with the appropriate recommendations that have to be considered to ensure safety of the entire operating system. There were complaints raised regarding the access of computers without the knowledge of the users of the computers. The report looks at the provision of the use of passwords and various data storage devices within the organization. This research was conducted through investigation and filling of questionnaires by the staff members. A number of 250 questionnaires were distributed to the employees, and they were filled based on the scales that surround that security and confidentiality of the jobs that they do. The survey concentrated purely on the security of the work being done rather than the individual details in the environment. The staff members who took part in the survey were volunteers and their details were anonymous. The management having been briefed of the challenges being faced within the firm, they decided to appoint a team of IT experts led by the IT systems administrator to look into the situation and address the matter amicably before it got out of

Nursing theory and its application in nursing practice Research Paper

Nursing theory and its application in nursing practice - Research Paper Example eory is essentially a description of how culture care is an essential part of a nurse’s understanding of patients, and how a myriad of cultural factors can improve the care that a patient receives (Leininger, 1988). The main definitions acquired from the theory are care, cultural practices, wellness, and illness; all the factors that influence the health of an individual. The relationships put forward by Leininger indicate that a nurse’s understanding of the cultural care received by a patient goes a long way in determining the rate at which a patient acquires wellness from illness. An appraisal of the theory indicates that it is simple enough to understand, since the factors presented in the theory are interrelated and linked. The arguments presented in the theory are clear for nurses and what they need to do to improve the health of their patients. The theory can be generalized to include all classes of patients, including all illnesses, since the cultural practices applied are universal. This theory can be considered contagious for many classes of students, researchers, administrators and all the players in the health industry. The above assumption lies in the fact that the theory is generally applicable in most fields of health care, and can be used interchangeably with other nursing theories to find the best solution for illnesses. The administrators in the nursing field, especially administrative nurses, can use the points mentioned in the theory to improve both in-patient and outpatient care, since the cultural care practices mentioned in the theory are universal. The usefulness of the theory is found in the applicability to different nursing models, since it presents a rational outlook for both practice and research. This assumption is arrived at after considering the importance of a deeper understanding of patients’ needs and backgrounds, which indicate the importance of extra care. For a patient’s illness to be cured, a nurse has to apply the

Symptoms of Dementia

Symptoms of Dementia 1.1 1.2 a) Dementia and Delirium †¢Ã‚  Alertness: In dementia customers their sharpness is general, they are generally ordinary. In insanity customers the readiness vacillates, depleted and hyper vigilant. †¢Ã‚  Emotion: In dementia customers they are shallow, thoughtless and shallow. In insanity customers they are Irritable, forceful and dreadful. Sleep: In dementia customers they frequently have exasperates rest in throughout the night. They are wanderings all over and befuddled around evening time once in a while. In insanity customers the perplexity exasperates slumber or may have store rest. b) Dementia and Depression †¢Ã‚  Memory and Comprehension: In dementia, customers memory and comprehension are hindered. As infection advancement, long haul memory additionally influenced or lost. In gloom the customers’ memory in some cases weakened. Long haul memory by and large in place and poor consideration. †¢Ã‚  Perception In dementia customers observation is typical; their pipedreams are roughly 30-40%. In gloom the customers recognition is sound-related; their pipedreams are roughly 20%. †¢Ã‚  Emotions: In dementia customers they are shallow, fractious and lax. In gloom: the patients are level, miserable, dreadful and touchy. 1.3 a) Alzheimers Disease Loss of memory is aftereffect of plaques and tangles in the mind that cause the passing of nerve cells. Loss of memory influence the everyday life exercises, for example, correspondence, exercises and security danger. Loss of weight may happen with Alzheimers malady. Case in point: a few patients overlook how to bite and how to swallow sustenance. There is less cerebral cortex which recollect this controls the cerebrum including memory, cognizance, and discourse in Alzheimers patient. The surfaces of the cerebrum adjust and mind cells shrink. There are more plaques looked at inside the typical more seasoned individuals. The liquid filled spaces of the mind increment in size. People with Alzheimers illness have change in their character. For instance: an individual who was obliging and cordial when he has infection will get to be forceful, irate and upset. b) Vascular dementia Vascular dementia is brought about when a vascular occurrence happens denying cerebrum of a sufficient supply of blood and oxygen, bringing about the passing of cerebral tissue. The patients with vascular dementia have passionate switch all over. The patients change in discourse. They talk slower and experience issues in talking. The Patients have disturbance to transient memory, association of contemplations and state of mind. Vascular dementia patients experience issues in strolling. c) Lewy Body Disease 1. This is brought about by a strange vicinity of cerebral cells called Lewy bodies which found all through the mind what creates inside nerve cells. It is believed that these may help the demise of the cerebrum cells. 2. They have tremors and solidness like Parkinsons illness. 3. Memory misfortune: likes other dementia infections. The patients with lewy body illness have influence to short- term and long haul memory. 4. The patients experience issues with fixation and consideration. 5. The patients experience issues judging separations, regularly bringing about falls. The most noteworthy danger element is age. The number individuals found with dementia the age of sixty-five. As the nerve cells got harmed in the mind. Other component can from way of life, for example, hypertension and coronary conduit ailment. The patients have a conceivable hereditary connection that inherited from past era. Case in point if a guardian or kin has a dementia then the persons 1.5 Cognitive effects cognitive impacts lead to dementia patients experience issues with transient memory which can impacts both to individual living with dementia and the individuals around them, for example, a few patients are troublesome after discussion and helping. They are likewise experience issues thinking and are effectively diverted. the patients will have poor ability to know east from west or off and on again loses their ability to know east from west: they experience issues to discover the courses (go to lavatory, can). Functional effects The practical capacity of the customer changes like they experience issues in dressing and different capacities. They need to remind to consume, wash, dress and utilize the latrine and in addition needs help overseeing every day tasks. Behavioral effects They experience difficulty with level of individual cleanliness and dress sense lead to other individuals may be humiliated with somebodys close to home cleanliness or dress sense and would prefer not to be seen with the individual. Their verbal relational abilities are likewise influenced that makes the individuals living with dementia hard to express the things so they begin communicating their needs in some different ways. Psychological effects psychological impacts prompts the patients have changes in their conduct, for example, they get outrage and dissatisfaction and melancholy and in addition they detach themselves and abstain from going out as they discover it excessively hard to deal with the clamor and the other individuals. They lose the inspiration for all exercises of every day living, additionally they feel bore and may have visual mental trips. 2.1 1. Relationship: Dementia patients ought to dependably have associations with relative, companions and help suppliers that is in charge of the social, profound and passionate prosperity. Relationship has an essential part for supporting the dementia patients and it can be produced amid consistently minds and in addition amid sorted out exercises. Help supplier ought to admiration and comprehend dementia conduct. Help supplier and relatives of patients need to keep up their association with dementia customer so that the customer will adapt better and feel valued. 2. Correspondence: Correspondence helps the customer to express about their needs, in the same way as or abhorrence. At the point when speaking with the individual with dementia, compelling relational abilities and non-verbal communication need to be utilized. Help supplier ought to talk obviously, utilizing eyes contact, dont hurry. As an issue with dementia encounters a progressive abatement in capacity to convey. 3. Individuality: Help supplier ought to treat customers exclusively that implies help supplier help every customer similarly and regard them. Case in point, help supplier ought to give customer decision about what they like, for example, garments they need to wear, which exercises they like to do or take an interest. In addition empower the customers freedom however much as could be expected. 4. Feeling: Help supplier need to concentrate on the uniqueness and the rich scope of sentiments and feelings of the individuals living with dementia. Guardians ought to invest time with customers and sway them to discuss their emotions and comprehend them. Anyway dependably utilize a cool methodology to recognize customer’s emotions. 5. Abilities Retained From consideration arrangement, help supplier ought to recognize what exercises they used to like previously. Despite the fact that they are not ready to do the exercises yet the guardians ought to urge the customers to be as autonomous as would be prudent and inspire them to join the exercises of the rest home. Likewise they ought to fare thee well that the customers are getting a charge out of the exercises. 6. Needs of the person with dementia: Physical needs: Person with dementia need guarantee physical needs, for example, consuming, shower, dressing or wear glasses on the grounds that they are not ready to help themselves. Psychological needs: Person with dementia need somebody can convey and comprehend their inclination. Somebody can converse with them and offer with dementia patients. 2.2 Individuality influences PCC of dementia patients. Help supplier ought to take a gander at forethought arrange and realize what they can do, what they like to do and provide for them. Help supplier ought to provide for them what exercises they like to do. Relationship has a part essential for dementia patients. The dementia patients ought to stay in great association with relatives, help suppliers and companions. Relationship for an individual with dementia needs to be minding and trusting on the grounds that just with connections they can adapt better to their malady and feel esteemed and adored. Following the consideration arrangement, help suppliers need to verify that they comprehend and have learning about quiets inclination. Help supplier ought to know how to adapt to customers when they get irate or steamed, cool off patients and fulfill them feel. 2.3 Genuine movement makes opportunities for individuals living with dementia to react fittingly notice use their capacities. Importance exercises will develop with feeling, relationship and feelings. Compelling exercises can trigger memory and capacities. Genuine exercises may be not quite the same as one patient to other patient. 1. Verbal: The customers with dementia have diminishes the correspondence capacities that gets to be most noticeably bad with the progression of time as they are not by any means ready to talk or talk legitimately. They have hard to discover the right word or stuck on the words. They may rehash the same word or expression again and again. They may experience issues in communicating feelings. 2. Vocalization: The customers with dementia cant talk so they convey what needs be by the method for tedious discourse, groaning, creaming and singing. For instance if the customer feels torment then they were shouting or vocalizing. Vocalizations may be troublesome and offensive for others. 3. Gestures: Dementia customers they utilize signals for consideration or say something to help laborer by the motions, for example, tapping, indicating, waving or nodding. The motions of every customer have an alternate significance. For instance when the customer needs to strive for latrine they are tapping on the seat and on the off chance that they need to consume something then they utilize the motion with hands and development of the mouth. 4.Communication aids Communication helps is things helping correspondence in the middle of guardian and customer with dementia, for example, picture book, music, blaze cards. Case in point: a few customers utilize the cards with where they need to strive for visit. Picture book can indicate what they need. In addition, if an individual is not ready to talk that individual may utilize a board to compose words on. 3.2 1. Sensory losses The lost of sight and listening to prompt trouble in correspondence with dementia patients. They will misfortune association with other individuals. Case in point: without glasses, they are cant see non-verbal communication and not able to get significance of correspondence. 2. Communication accomplice: The correspondence accomplices are the individuals who help the dementia customers in correspondence and may be they are not accessible at constantly. The correspondence accomplices may be life partner, relative or companions. 3. Health status: Infections and sicknesses will have a terrible impact on correspondence capacity of dementia patients, for example, Parkinsons ailment and stroke, the patients will have hard to talk obviously. 4. Environment: Environment can be a correspondence obstruction as it influences the correspondence of the individuals with dementia, for example, extensive loud environment, individuals in a room or close-by talking excessively boisterous or excessively quick, and absence of powerful correspondence expertise among human services help laborers. 5. Culture: Society is a variable that additionally influences to correspondence, for example, stress, utilization of motions. Frequently, dementia patients talk their dialect or help laborers dont comprehend the dialect of customers. For instance: Arabic individual conversing with help laborer in it dialect. 6. Age: Now and again its truly hard to comprehend the needs of dementia customers for the more youthful parental figures when the dementia customer chatting with more youthful individual. As some of more youthful they talk quick or talk in more youthful statement consequently the dementia customer misjudged. Elderly age can relate with tangible misfortune and influence to correspondence. 7. Gender: Sexual orientation additionally has impact on correspondence as some male patient use distinctive words with female. This could be a sex boundary like Female patients can without much of a stretch impart their story and issues than male patients. 8. Reverting to original language: At times an individual with dementia talk will return to unique dialect and may review words that others dont comprehend which can be a boundary there would be an issue if no translator is accessible. 9. Expressive and reciptive correspondence issue: The patients with dementia cant discover words to convey. They are not able to express what they need. Open is the point at which they dont comprehend what impart to them, verbal and non-verbal correspondence. 3.3 1. Communication partner Help laborer ought to peruse consideration arrange and verify accomplices are presented with patient. In addition, help specialist verify that patient with dementia are agreeable with correspondence accomplices. 2. Environment: Verify customer with dementia they are agreeable and commonplace questions in their room. In the event that he/she feels good then put sign and images which can be helpful like on the off chance that he needs to go can then he put the finger on the sign. Verify give the sufficient lighting and proper space for moving the customer. 3. Verbal and non-verbal: Help specialist verify that they talk gradually, obviously to patients with dementia to comprehend the non-verbal correspondence, help laborer ought to utilize eyes contacts. 4. Singing: Singing is a system to empower patients with dementia correspondence. Help specialist ought to search for a few melodies in the past which help dementia patient to bring the gorgeous memory. Singing help to quiet down patient with tension and bring back cheerful memory. 5. Music: Music sways dementia patient to impart. Music can lessen tension, unsettling and cool off dementia understanding. Some music can be utilized with fundamental activity of arms or legs that likewise amuse them and urge them to do exercise. 6. Activities: Exercises in day by day living can sway dementia patient to correspond with others. Exercises help communicating their inclination, diminishing uneasiness, provide for them upbeat time. It can provide for them compelling things to discuss and can help to determination unfinished business. 7. Communication helps: Photos, new paper cuttings, memory books all energize correspondence on the grounds that dementia patient can utilize straightforward signs structure them to impart. Checking vision and portable hearing assistants are likewise paramount. PUSHPINDER KAUR

computer basics :: essays research papers

Computers can be intimidating. Educating oneself about some of the basics of computers can lessen this intimidation. In addition, a computer user will be able to get the results that he or she is hoping for. Input devices, output devices, storage, and computer speed are a few areas that will be discussed further. In order to maintain accurate records or create precise results, data input should be done with the best possible input device. I will give examples of a few situations and explain which input device would work best. Printed Questionnaires- For this situation, I believe the most widely used input device, which is the keyboard, would work best. Questionnaires are made up of primarily letters and numbers that are easily found on a keyboard. Most people are familiar with a keyboard and creating a questionnaire should not be difficult. Telephone Survey- In this situation a touch input device may be a better choice, such as a touch screen. This way, the interviewee does not have to wait for the interviewer to finish typing. The touch screen would work best if there were multiple choice answers to the telephone survey. Bank Checks- The MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) is used by the banking industry. This device can scan checks quickly and ensures that checks are sent to the proper bank. Retail Tags- Most stores now use a bar-code scanner for pricing. The bar code scanner recognizes a series of bars of different lengths and sends that code to the computer. Even small retail stores may have a handheld bar code scanner to make pricing and checkout more efficient. Long Documents- Though I have never used this device, a voice input device would make long documents much easier. This requires special software and may require using the keyboard for editing. Because keyboards can cause injury, an individual that has to prepare many long documents may want to consider a voice input device. Just as accuracy and choosing the correct device for input is important, the same applies to output. Choosing the correct device can increase quality and convenience. In the following situations, I will share which output device I feel would work best: Hand held Computer- If an individual has a hand held computer; it is likely they are looking for mobility. Wireless data transfer would be ideal for this situation. Color Photograph- A photo quality printer should be used for color photographs. Some desktop printers will work, but often times the color will fade over time.

Comparrative Essay of Cooking Programs Essay

â€Å"Nigella Bites† And â€Å"Surfing the Menu† are two cooking programmes that share the same end result of delicious foods, but are very different in the contrasting aspects of social context, form and purpose which all help to reflect the cooking styles and personalities of their hosts. The atmosphere and contents of both shows generally appeal to the audiences of a different social status and/or age group. Set in Britain, the programme â€Å"Nigella Bites† appeals to an audience who belong to more of a winter climate. Each episode is formatted as a very comfortable and inviting home movie, using amateur camera work making it look more personal and family orientated. The show is filmed in Nigella’s own house and kitchen allowing her audience to feel welcomed. Images and visuals of illustrated foods and vibrant pink colours are shown throughout the opening credits with Jazz music engagingly flowing in the background. Many of her episodes begin with the view of a freezing British winter day/night and then follow onto Nigella being in the warmth of her own home. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† is a travelogue formatted programme set in Australia which promotes different towns and locations around the country in each episode. Along with catching/acquiring their own ingredients before cooking their meals, the hosts Curtis Stone and Ben O’Donoghue aka â€Å"Bender† also make sure to interact with the culture of each location they shoot in, making the Programme very relaxed as well as educational to the viewers. The opening credits consist of a range of photo shots and bright colours that go with the themes of the tourism and the outdoors. While the boys are traveling cameras makes sure to capture different angles and views of the scenery, including aerial views of the land around them. The atmosphere for each show is evidently contrasted; â€Å"Nigella Bites† is more of a matured cooking programme compared to the jovial attitude of â€Å"Surfing the Menu†. Both shows have very different exterior climates which appeal to different audiences: Nigella pursues the comforts of the indoor warmth compared to the blistering cold of its winters outside. This tends to attract those who like to spend their time inside during the cold/wet days, such as women and mothers living in a winter climate wanting to create more wholesome and warm meals for their friends and families. Nigella showcases a particular social lifestyle that represents the enjoyment involved in cooking and preparing meals for the ones that are dear to her. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† however attracts, and is more of a target to those who are more outgoing, young and interested in the experience of Australia’s summer cultures. Both international and Australians viewers are drawn in by the advertised beauty of the scenery captured during each episode because of all the multicultural nature and Australian cuisine involved, advertising tourism within the country. Nigella is portrayed as a very family orientated and homely person who always enjoys her food and loves to cook. She has a proper upper-class British accent and speaks in a husky, somewhat seductive voice. Nigella is currently in her late thirties and is seen as very sophisticated to her viewers, usually she cooks on her own but once her meal is cooked and ready she shows her serving and sharing the meals with her children and/or all of her family and friends. The way that she describes her ingredients and recipes along with the terminology she uses such as â€Å"stunning†, â€Å"simply beautiful† and â€Å"absolutely gorgeous† makes it sound as if she is in love with what she is making, the endearment and emphasis she puts in makes her so believable and intriguing. Nigella tends to mainly use informal measurements and verbs to describe what she is doing which remind you of how a mother figure would teach you how to cook. Ben and Curtis on the other hand are completely different to Nigella, ‘typical Aussie blokes’ is what they are stereotyped as. Both in their mid-twenties, always wearing informal and comfortable ‘beach clothing’ and using a lot of Australian ‘slang’ such as â€Å"Mate† and â€Å"Chuck it on the barbie† the boys give off a very relaxed and casual feeling to their viewers. The meals that Nigella prepares are heavy winter foods which are more time consuming but are perfect for those who have the time and love to cook. The â€Å"Surfing the Menu† recipes on the other hand are light summer foods that are quick and easy to prepare. Nigella makes sure her cupboards are full of all the different ingredients that she uses and she then gives her viewers an insight of the different things that she likes to always make sure she has stocked, what they can be used for and why they come in handy for her to have around. Curtis and Ben use ingredients that are imported into the local stores such as stir-fry noodles that they cook on an Australian barbeque, along with many other ingredients that they go out and personally collect from the local produce or catch on their own in each episode. As well as collecting their own ingredients from each place they visit, each meal they prepare always relates to the location they’re in making the programme even more entertaining and educational. Typical cooking program camera techniques are used throughout both programs â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† these techniques include: close-ups on the hands on action with the food preparation, and snap shots throughout the shows that are used to cut out the un-necessary preparation time and skip straight to the cooking, then to the completed meals. To show their personalities and connect with their audience both of the programmes hosts make sure to speak and look directly towards/into the camera whenever possible. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† also uses aerial shots during the car travels to capture the different scenery around them. Highlighted sounds of the cooking appliances and food being prepared are accompanied by soft music underneath throughout each episode in both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† to draw more attention to what they are doing. The contrasting features between both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† such as; social context, form, purpose, audiences and the atmosphere differ due to the personalities and cooking styles of their hosts. Nigella’s show expresses her love for warm homely meals and cooking for her family and friends during the cold British winters and the programme is filmed as a home movie style, which gives off an inviting comfortable feel to her audience. Curtis and Ben’s show however, reflects on the adventures and experiences of local cultures during the warm Australian summer days and is filmed as a travelogue. Both of the programmes hosts have very similar camera etiquettes and happy/warm, engaging mannerisms.

Ibsen A Dolls House

The play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Isben brings to light the realities of middle class society and its values. A woman’s place in 1800’s society was very different than it is today. Women did not have the same freedoms that they have today, in spite of the fact that they were strong and intelligent. Nora used this strength and intelligence in play and was punished for it.The play opens up with Nora arriving home and being greeted by her husband in a condescending manner. Torvald says to his wife, â€Å"Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again?† He also calls her a lark and a squirrel. However, Torvald is unaware that most of the money he gives his wife is going towards a loan that she secretly took out to help him. In the 1800’s, it was illegal for women to take out loans without their husband’s signature. Torvald was ill and the family needed money to help him. Nora secretly takes out a loan by forging her fatherâ€⠄¢s signature. This is illegal, of course, and later leads to Krogstad blackmailing Nora. When Torvald finds out he threatens her.The way Nora handles her situation is inspirational. She had been treated like a doll by both her father and her husband, but she has the strength to stand up to her husband. She decides to leave and start a new life for herself. The human spirit will not be trampled on. Nora has done something that is not wrong, and she has done it for a very good reason. She begins to question everything she has always blindly accepted, including being a wife and mother, and her religious training. Even though Nora was held down her whole life, she realizes that she has â€Å"duties to myself.† She knows that most people would think that what she was doing was wrong, but she stays true to herself. In the end, Nora does what she has to do to survive.â€Å"A Doll’s House† starts as a play about a typical middle class family. Nora goes through challeng es and realizes that they cannot do what society expects out of her. She goes outside the boundaries of what she is allowed to do as a woman for a reason that she feels is noble. But she is punished  for that action and cannot accept the fact that she is reprimanded for it. In the end, when Nora decides to leave her husband and family, her decision opens up a possibility of a new life and personal growth for her. I was left wondering how that life will be, and wishing her success and happiness.

Comparison of Twittering Machine and Antenna with Red and Blue Dots

Comparison of Twittering Machine and Antenna with Red and Blue Dots Free Online Research Papers The two artworks I choose are â€Å"Twittering Machine† by Paul Klee and â€Å"Antenna with Red and Blue Dots† by Alexander Calder. â€Å"Twittering Machine† was created in 1922. This work is an adaptation of a previous piece entitled â€Å"Concert on the Twig†. A year later, Klee created â€Å"Twittering Machine† which placed the same scene into a mechanical and machine driven environment. Instead of the four birds singing their songs on a twig or branch, they are placed on a machine. This piece draws most influence from the futurist movement. Futurism was influenced by the onset of industry and the effect of machines on our society. Steam was the dominant technology during the era this piece was created. I find that this jives with machine influence in this piece. The crank mimics the pistons of a steam engine. â€Å"Antenna with Red and Blue Dots† was created in 1960. This piece was part of Calders mobile series. Calder studied mechanical engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. (Mulas 12) This study of engineering gave Calder a broad mechanical pallet which, when combined with the artistic background of his family, gave him an incredibly unique style. Through his combination of engineering and art, Calder created an entirely new breed of sculpture; One which added an entirely new dimension. Large hanging ornaments which would be driven only by air currents within its display environment. I choose these two works as I find a funny parallel between the two. Both images have a sense of inspiration derived from life and both have influences from mechanics. Starting with Paul Klees piece entitled â€Å"Twittering Machine†. While the subjects in the piece are quite clearly birds, they are merely objects within a greater machine. This is indicated by the crank handle on the right side of the frame and the shaft connecting all the fish together. The classification of this piece would be considered Futurism. Futurism consists of a group of artists who believe in machines and technology advancing society. Futurists thought modern machinery could make a man made world which is better than the natural world. (Niceley) Paul Klee’s â€Å"Twittering Machine† appears to be giving us insight into how he perceived the futurist view. He has four birds strapped to a machine. All the birds are in the position for â€Å"tweeting†. All have their mouths open and pointed to the sky. However the machine they’re attached to is frail and technically inadequate. In fact it wouldn’t even work if ported to the real worl d. To me this says quite a lot about Klee’s feelings on a machine’s ability to replicate a bird’s song. He clearly does not have faith that a machine will enhance this particular aspect of natural life. A year earlier, Paul Klee made a similar piece. This piece, entitled â€Å"Concert on the Twig†, shows the same four birds as appear in â€Å"Twittering Machine†. (Lazarro 54) However, in this piece the birds are placed on a twig or branch of a tree. This, when juxtaposed with the hand crank in â€Å"Twittering Machine†, seems to provide some backing to the idea that Klee was intending â€Å"Twittering Machine† to make a statement about machines role in society. Alexander Calder said this about his mobiles: â€Å"To most people who look at a mobile, it’s no more than a series of flat objects that move. To a few, though, it may be poetry.† His mobiles are essentially machines. They consist of moving parts, joints, and are created through engineering. There is an underlying science behind his mobiles. However his genius lies in how he is able to let his engineering practices disappear and allow only the artful aspect shine through. â€Å"Sculpture as line, space, and motion rather than as static mass.† (Mulas 32) When a Calder mobile is viewed it is very rare that one’s first thought is about how much work went into balancing each individual piece of steel. My first thought when viewing â€Å"Antennae with Red and Blue Dots† is the skeletal outline of a deep sea fish. The dark shapes being suspended by the balancing lines form the outer skeleton or outline of the subject. As the mobile twists and molds to the air around it, it is as if the fish is swimming through the air. Donald Kuspit does a beautiful job describing how Calder’s Mobiles move through the air: â€Å"Esthetically, they are remarkable for the way they nervously spread over space, with a certain erratic lyricism, and at the same time seem self-contained and perfectly balanced. They are also remarkable for their economy of meansbiomorphic planes in Big, Big Black and bow legs in Spunk of the Monkand for the relational mileage Calder gets out of them. In the former work the linkages add an air of technical delicacy, as do the toes on which the latter stands. Indeed, both have a special sense of balance, even as they are made all the more dramatic, stark, and mysterious by the gallerys white walls, which function as a ground. At the same time, they challenge this ground, destabilizing the architecture they inhabit by their movement, whether literal or implied. They seem to have just stepped out of it, unexpectedly, becoming a kind of architecture themselves, that is, an open structure emblematic of a frontier mentality. In their contradictoriness and self-contradictoriness, the y also standor floaton a frontier of feeling.† (Kuspit) Here is where I draw the parallel from Klee’s â€Å"Twittering Machine† and â€Å"Antennae with Blue and Red Dots†. While Klee was depicting a machine mimicking an organism, Calder has successfully created a machine which mimics an organic life form. I think Calder’s mobiles are the ultimate manifestation of futurism in the sense that they actually use machines as their medium. To me, that says the most about what the future will hold and whether or not machines really can or will give themselves value, or add value to our lives and world. In conclusion, while the two pieces could not be farther from each other in terms of construction techniques, there is a certain irony to their parallels in subject and medium. The two are almost inverses of one another. While nearly forty year apart from one another. Klee shows a genuine distrust in the machine and its influence on organic beings. Meanwhile Calder exploits the machine and his mastery of mechanics as a medium to display an organic being. Bibliography Kuspit, Donald. Alexander Calder. Artforum International 32.n4 (Dec 1993): 79(2). Academic OneFile. Gale. Fitchburg State College. Lazzaro, Gualtieri. Klee. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964. Print. Mulas, Ugo, and Harvard Arnason. CALDER. 1st ed. New York: THe Viking Press, Inc, 1971. Print. Niceley, H.T. Paul Klees Twittering Machine. School Arts 91.n7 (March 1992): 31(1). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Fitchburg State College. Research Papers on Comparison of â€Å"Twittering Machine† and â€Å"Antenna with Red and Blue Dots†Hip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementTrailblazing by Eric AndersonGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to AfricaOpen Architechture a white paper

Free Essays on Bound for America

Bound for America By: Breana Ledesma Slaves endured many hardships during their capture and upon their forced move to the Americas. Virginia and South Carolina were among the many colonies that brought slaves into their culture and daily lives. However, slaves can be first traced back in the Americas to Mexico, where Africans were being imported in by the Spanish. The concept of an indentured servant is the earliest idea that ties in with slavery. â€Å" The men who came together and found the independent United States, dedicated to freedom and equality, either held slaves or were willing to hold hands with those who did.† (Morgan 1975) American Slavery, American Freedom set a tone of resentment yet pointed out that slave labor was a major factor in America’s freedom. The first stirrings of racial hatred actually occurred between the settlers and the Indians. Englishmen in Jamestown would throw Indian children into the water and shoot out their brains. It is also suspected that the settlers might have done the same with French and Spanish children. Sir John Hawkins introduced slaves into the colonies. Sir John Hawkins created the routed known as the triangular passage, it was a voyage that took him to Africa to get the slaves, then on to the colonies to trade the slaves for goods, and then to England to sell the goods. Although the English did not take an active part in the slave trade until after 1650, it then b ecame domina! nt in many areas. In 1745 a British writer said, â€Å" the slave trade was the great pillar and support.† Virginians appeared to fear the slaves would try to leave their servitude for freedom among the Indians. â€Å" In Virginia a master had little reason to treat his servant well in order to obtain a renewal of his services at the expiration of his term: and a servant had little reason to work hard in order to assure being rehired... Free Essays on Bound for America Free Essays on Bound for America Bound for America By: Breana Ledesma Slaves endured many hardships during their capture and upon their forced move to the Americas. Virginia and South Carolina were among the many colonies that brought slaves into their culture and daily lives. However, slaves can be first traced back in the Americas to Mexico, where Africans were being imported in by the Spanish. The concept of an indentured servant is the earliest idea that ties in with slavery. â€Å" The men who came together and found the independent United States, dedicated to freedom and equality, either held slaves or were willing to hold hands with those who did.† (Morgan 1975) American Slavery, American Freedom set a tone of resentment yet pointed out that slave labor was a major factor in America’s freedom. The first stirrings of racial hatred actually occurred between the settlers and the Indians. Englishmen in Jamestown would throw Indian children into the water and shoot out their brains. It is also suspected that the settlers might have done the same with French and Spanish children. Sir John Hawkins introduced slaves into the colonies. Sir John Hawkins created the routed known as the triangular passage, it was a voyage that took him to Africa to get the slaves, then on to the colonies to trade the slaves for goods, and then to England to sell the goods. Although the English did not take an active part in the slave trade until after 1650, it then b ecame domina! nt in many areas. In 1745 a British writer said, â€Å" the slave trade was the great pillar and support.† Virginians appeared to fear the slaves would try to leave their servitude for freedom among the Indians. â€Å" In Virginia a master had little reason to treat his servant well in order to obtain a renewal of his services at the expiration of his term: and a servant had little reason to work hard in order to assure being rehired...

Overview and Examples of Asking Questions in German

Overview and Examples of Asking Questions in German When asking questions in German you can ask direct questions that elicit yes/no answers with the verb at the head. However, in this article, we will focus on the other way of questioning, that is the well-known five Ws (and one H) of questioning that is useful in gathering factual information.The five Ws (and one H) in English are: Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? These are translated into the following 6 Ws in German: Wer? Was? Wo? Wann? Warum? Wie? They usually stand at the head of the sentence followed by the verb in the second position:Wann kommt er zurà ¼ck? (When is he coming back?)Lets examine each one in more detail: Wer This is one of the two W-words (Fragewà ¶rter) that are declinable. Nominative: Wer? Who? Wer hat meinen Keks gegessen? (Who ate my cookie?)Genitive: Wessen? Whose? Wessen Buch ist das? (Whose book is this?)The genitive form wessen is not used very much anymore. Instead it has been replaced by the more popular dative - Wem gehà ¶rt dieses Buch? Accusative: Wen? Who/Whom? Wen will er heiraten? (Who does he want to marry?)Dative: Wem? Who/ To whom? Wem hast du ein Geschenk gegeben? (Whom did you give a present to?) Was Is almost identical with wer s declination Nominative: Was?Was hat die Frau gesagt? (What did the woman say?)Genitive: Wessen? Wessen wird sie angeklagt? (What is she accused of?)Accusative: Was?Was will er trinken? (What does he want to drink?)Dative: None In the German language, instead of declining was in the dative, the prepositional adverb wo(r) will be used, along with a preposition. For example:Woran denkt er? (What is he thinking of?)Womit wirst du das bezahlen? (With what -How are you paying for that?)You will often hear another version of saying such sentences, such as Mit was wirst du das bezahlen? Von was denkst du?, but it is incorrect. Wo Where should actually be translated into two words - Wo and Wohin. Unlike English which uses where for both location and the direction somebody/something is going to, German does make that distinction. You use wo when asking where the location of something is, you use wohin when asking the direction someone/something is going to. Wohin is separable. For example:Wo ist mein Handy? (Where is my cellphone?)Wo geht sie denn hin? (Where is she going (to)?)Another variation of wo is woher. This signifies from where and should be used rather than the often incorrect way of saying Von wo in the sentence Von wo kommst du? Instead say: Woher kommst du? (Where do you come from?). Tip: Wer and wo are false cognates. Just think of them as opposites from the English equivalent and youll always get it right.Wo WhereWho Wer Wann Is also not declinable, but just as in English, it will often be used with other conjunctions to specify its meaning:Seit wannSeit wann schlft er? (Since when is he sleeping?)Bis wannBis wann bleibt deine Mutter hier? (Till when is your mother staying here?) Warum For why both the term warum and wieso can be used interchangeably. Weshalb is also used, but not as much as the first two adverbs. Wie   Wie is very straightforward. It is not declinable, doesnt have synonyms and means only one thing - how. For example:Wie lange spielst du schon Klavier? (How long have you been playing the piano?)Wie lange - How longWie oft spielst du Klavier? (How often do you play the piano?)Wie oft - How oftenWie weit ist es bis zur Musikschule? (How far is it to the music school?)Wie weit - How farWie viel kostet diese Handtasche? (How much does this handbag cost?Wie viel - How muchWie viele Punkte hat dieser Marienkfer? (How many dots does this ladybug have?)Wie viele - How many

Creating an APA-Formatted Reference and In-Text Citation Assignment

Creating an APA-Formatted Reference and In-Text Citation - Assignment Example Create a reference and in-text citation consistent with APA guidelines for each of the following resources: 1. Book with two authors †¢ Authors: M. Neil Browne and Stuart M. Keeley †¢ Year of publication: 2000 †¢ Title of book: Critical Thinking: Asking the Right Questions †¢ City of publication: Upper Saddle River, NJ †¢ Publisher: Pearson Your answer: Browne, N., & Kelley, S. (2000). Critical Thinking: Asking the Right Questions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. (Browne, 2000) 1b. Paraphrase the following direct quote and create a standard-formatted in-text citation using the previous book information: One approach to thinking is similar to the way in which a sponge reacts to water: by absorbing. The more information you absorb about the world, the more capable you are of understanding its complexities. Your answer: There are many different approaches to a process of thinking and in one of such, process of thinking is compared to the reaction of sponge to w ater. It absorbes water very quickly. The same with people , more knowledge they absorb about the world, the more their capability of understanding of it features and main complexities Create a reference and in-text citation consistent with APA guidelines for each of the following resources: 2. Journal article (magazine or newspaper) †¢ Author: Toni Rogers †¢ Date of publication: December 2004 †¢ Title of article: â€Å"Towards Conscious Self-Directed Learning†

How to combat racism in schools and create positive learning Essay

How to combat racism in schools and create positive learning environments - Essay Example How to combat racism in schools and create positive learning environments A school is the best place to impart education on religious, cultural, gender and social equality; and to train young minds to look beyond all kinds of disparities, and to respect each other’s values and cultures. There are many ways a school can create an environment that can be positive, safe, and well suited to bring about a change in social racism. The learning environment in a school that has a safe and positive attitude would: A learning environment is a part of the strategic plan that is developed on key concepts, like the basic core curriculum and a quality framework. â€Å"It embraces the physical and the psycho-social environment and is meant to help stimulate the pupils and apprentices in their personal development and identity. The Strategic Plan is furthermore meant to contribute to the development of ethical, social and cultural competence and to the ability to understand and take part in democratic processes†. A positive learning environment will discourage all kind of racism, violence, vandalism, or even bullying, while taking care that each student is given equal attention, and all their problems taken care of. While developing this positive learning atmosphere within a school educational framework, the teacher forms the most important resource. However, it is not the duty of one individual teacher to create this positive environment; and there must be the active support of all his collea gues, the school authority, the community members, and even the school children.

Letter to a video game character or author Essay

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BA Social work - Values and ethics - Essay Example The working conditions and cases handled are usually very different for each case of social work. Ethical dilemma arises when the right answer to any course of action is not obvious i.e. it can be in child services to differentiate between vulnerable and exploited child. There are also some situations where the individual need of a child is overlooked over the other issues. The same was the case of Victoria Climbie, where her needs were overlooked over the housing requirement of her aunt and murderer. There may be values which contradict with each other. This theory is based upon the consequences of any particular activity. In this the net benefit resulting from any act or policy is calculated. It is based on the happiness or unhappiness a person gets from the consequences of any particular policy which is rather a difficult task. It depends upon individuals’ ability to think of consequences. It leads to lots of uncertainty in the complex situations. This theory can be utilised in the simpler issues. It can be understood by the example of Victoria Climbie case inquiry. Anonymous call was made to inform Brent Social Services for the bad condition of the child. If Brent Services had responded in time and handled the case properly with the view of the worst consequences (which happened later) may be Victoria Climbie would have saved. This theory was developed as a criticism of consequentialist theory. Consequentialist theory emphasis more on the end means that are consequences. This theory states that means which are leading to those consequences are equally important. The means have got moral importance. 18th Century Immanuel Kant had explained the theory, placing the emphasis on the duties and rules. He explained with simple examples like ignoring rules like ‘do not lie’, ‘keep promises’ and others will have bad consequences. This theory can also be

Financial Regulation & Supervision. Andrews Bank case study Essay

Financial Regulation & Supervision. Andrews Bank case study - Essay Example Adam is a newly hired commercial loan officer in training at the Andrew and Andrews Bank. After clearing several credit analysis exams, he joined the bank with zeal and fervor towards credit analysis. Several of his seniors noticed him for his intelligence and smartness. Soon Adam was promoted to be a financial analyst and was assigned to his superior, Jon Smith who was a commercial loan officer. As part of his job, Adam was required to conduct credit analysis to check credit worthiness for all new customers that Jon brought into the bank. In one such case, where Roberts and Roberts had requested for a five million pound loan, Adam was extremely confused by the way Jon had handled the situation. Adam noted that the company, a retail store chain, was very highly leveraged with most of the exposure being handled by his bank. In most of the cases, Roberts and Roberts had undertaken operating leases which were not part of the long term loans like other leases. As an accounting regulation , finance leases are classified as long term loans while operating leases only come under contingencies and commitments and in the notes. As a result, Roberts and Roberts was playing with accounting rules and noting its operating leases under notes. Subsequently, when Adam analyzed the credit worthiness of the company, he found that the company was dangerously over leveraged and therefore was not a safe investment or customer for the bank. Adam included this element into his analysis in the memorandum which he then forwarded to Jon so that she would include that in the credit file. However, Jon decided not to include that in her credit file and the file was later approved by the credit committee with the operating lease issue never coming up in the credit committee meeting. After this scenario, Adam overheard a conversation between Jon and other colleagues. Apparently, Jon had a personal mortgage loan application approved by the Sheffield Building Society. It was also found that the President of Roberts and Roberts was also chairing the board of the society. Adam also found that extremely favorable rates were offered to Jon on the personal mortgage. Adam was thoroughly confused because of the unfolding scenario and this case now portrays several ethical concerns. Following this is an outline of the ethical concerns that are raised by this case along with the action steps that Adam should take in order to fix the situat ion. Moreover, certain recommendations for the organization are also put up in order to avoid such situations in the future. Ethical Concerns Highlighted in the Case Various ethical concerns have been highlighted in the case based on the scenario outlined above. The first issue that has come up is that Jon has been given the sole responsibility to present the credit file to his superiors and the credit committee which leads to issues such as dependency on only one person who can be easily

Marketing over 50's to St Lucia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing over 50's to St Lucia - Essay Example It appears that the original designation was "Sainte Alousie," the name used in Father DuTetre's 1664 volume on the Antilles. Despite the fact that numerous thousands have immigrated to different parts of the Americas and Europe, particularly throughout the twentieth century, this ID remains solid, even around those conceived in the diaspora. The inquiry of an imparted society is quarrelsome, for Saint Lucians are partitioned along numerous lines, yet there is a feeling of fitting in with a place, an area, of which they have a feeling of ownership. One forcing thing of regular society could be Kweyo`l or Patwa, the French-inferred creole dialect spoken by most Saint Lucians. In any case, numerous brought up abroad don't talk the dialect, and Saint Lucians likewise distinguish that their Kweyo`l is practically indistinguishable to that spoken on Dominica and the French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. (Munar, 2011) The "creation of tourism as a pay exceptional" rose in the 1950s with the development of disposable pay for pay labourers in streamlined nations. The advancement of tourism as an improvement apparatus started in 1969 with a counselling report finished by Checchi and Company, a private universal advancement counselling ?rm spend significant time in tourism and local improvement. It expressed that any yearning to aid the individuals of the Eastern Caribbean could be accomplished through the advancement of tourism. Tourism was pushed as having two fundamental points of interest: a wellspring of wage and a foundation for more stupendous universal comprehension. Basically, tourism turned into the methods by which Third World nations with little to offer yet nature could collect capital, and at last advance. Tourism as an advancement apparatus in the Caribbean developed ?rst in Puerto Rico, Bahamas and Jamaica in the late 1950s and unanticipated 1960s, and inevitably spread Tourism as a Development Tool in the Caribbean and the Environmental By-items: The Stresses on Small Island Resources and Viable Remedies Janouska Grandoit International Relations, Economics, The Maxwell School of Syracuse University In the Caribbean, land and seaside assets have supported a moderately little populace for a considerable length of time, yet with an increment in present day monetary movement the islands' biological communities are under expanding weight. Without reasonable arrangements that address the main impetuses behind these weights, economical improvement in the Caribbean islands is not conceivable. Nature is frequently traded off by the instantaneous requirement to create outside trade, for the most part through tourism. On the other hand, it was the coming of the streamlined upset and the creation of the steamship in the nineteenth century that denoted the rise of venture out to fascinating goals, particularly for recreation purposes. Around then, travel was expensive to the point that just the rich could take preference, and tourism in Barbados was a selective diversion, organised at the activity of private people, with practically no legislature inclusion inside the incipient area. It was not until the late 1950's and into the 1960's with the commercialisation of the plane motor that tourism developed as a real financial action in Barbados and critical indications of organisation and government inclusion surfaced. From around the 1640's, sugar had been the motor of development of the Barbadian economy, and spoke to the most predominant wellspring of outside

Financial Regulation & Supervision. Andrews Bank case study Essay

Financial Regulation & Supervision. Andrews Bank case study - Essay Example Adam is a newly hired commercial loan officer in training at the Andrew and Andrews Bank. After clearing several credit analysis exams, he joined the bank with zeal and fervor towards credit analysis. Several of his seniors noticed him for his intelligence and smartness. Soon Adam was promoted to be a financial analyst and was assigned to his superior, Jon Smith who was a commercial loan officer. As part of his job, Adam was required to conduct credit analysis to check credit worthiness for all new customers that Jon brought into the bank. In one such case, where Roberts and Roberts had requested for a five million pound loan, Adam was extremely confused by the way Jon had handled the situation. Adam noted that the company, a retail store chain, was very highly leveraged with most of the exposure being handled by his bank. In most of the cases, Roberts and Roberts had undertaken operating leases which were not part of the long term loans like other leases. As an accounting regulation , finance leases are classified as long term loans while operating leases only come under contingencies and commitments and in the notes. As a result, Roberts and Roberts was playing with accounting rules and noting its operating leases under notes. Subsequently, when Adam analyzed the credit worthiness of the company, he found that the company was dangerously over leveraged and therefore was not a safe investment or customer for the bank. Adam included this element into his analysis in the memorandum which he then forwarded to Jon so that she would include that in the credit file. However, Jon decided not to include that in her credit file and the file was later approved by the credit committee with the operating lease issue never coming up in the credit committee meeting. After this scenario, Adam overheard a conversation between Jon and other colleagues. Apparently, Jon had a personal mortgage loan application approved by the Sheffield Building Society. It was also found that the President of Roberts and Roberts was also chairing the board of the society. Adam also found that extremely favorable rates were offered to Jon on the personal mortgage. Adam was thoroughly confused because of the unfolding scenario and this case now portrays several ethical concerns. Following this is an outline of the ethical concerns that are raised by this case along with the action steps that Adam should take in order to fix the situat ion. Moreover, certain recommendations for the organization are also put up in order to avoid such situations in the future. Ethical Concerns Highlighted in the Case Various ethical concerns have been highlighted in the case based on the scenario outlined above. The first issue that has come up is that Jon has been given the sole responsibility to present the credit file to his superiors and the credit committee which leads to issues such as dependency on only one person who can be easily

Terrorism, Its Cause and Its Solution Essay Example for Free

Terrorism, Its Cause and Its Solution Essay Political Parties and Their Roles A political party is defined as an organised group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office. Parties tend to be deeply and durably entrenched in specific substructures of the specific society in a sustainable and well functioning democracy. They can link the governmental institutions to the elements of the civil society in a free and fair society and are regarded as necessary for any modern democratic system. Political parties perform key tasks in a democratic society, such as 1. socialising and educating voters and citizens in the functioning of the political and electoral system and the generation of general political values 2. balancing opposing demands and converting them into general policies 3. Activating and mobilising citizens into participating in political decisions and transforming their opinions into viable policy options 4. Channelling public opinion from citizens to government 5. Recruiting and training candidates for public office. Political parties are often described as institutionalized mediators between civil society and those who decide and implement decisions. By this, they enable their members’ and supporters’ demands to be represented in parliament and in government. Even though parties fulfil many vital roles and perform several functions in a democratic society, the nomination and presentation of candidates in the electoral campaign is the most visible function to the electorate. To perform the above mentioned tasks and functions, political parties and citizens need some rights and obligations guaranteed or ruled by constitution or law. These include * Freedom of organisation * Freedom to stand for election * Freedom of speech and assembly * Provision of a fair and peaceful competition * Mechanisms of plurality * Inclusion in the electoral process and contacts with the EMB * A  level playing field and freedom from discrimination * Media access and fair reporting * Transparent and accountable political finance The internal functioning of individual political parties is to some extent determined by forces that are external to political parties, such as the electoral system, political culture, legal regulations, etc. However, internal processes of political parties, such as the personality of leaders and staff, the ideological foundations, party history, and internal political culture are considered to be even more influential on the internal functioning. If a political party would like the democratic principles of electoral politics to be applied within the party, they may consider practices like internal information and consultation processes, internal (formal or informal) rules and structures for the organisation and decision-making within the party, and transparency in the party’s functioning at all levels. Party members may also take on more formal roles in decision-making like participating in internal elections for leadership positions or in selecting the party’s candida te(s) in the upcoming elections. Many parties also work actively to enhance the role oftraditionally under-represented groups in their parties. Role Of Political Parties In spite of the Founders’ intentions, the United States in 1800 became the first nation to develop nascent political parties organized on a national basis to accomplish the transfer of executive power from one faction to another via an election. The development and expansion of political parties that followed was closely linked to the broadening of voting rights. In the early days of the republic, only male property owners could vote, but that restriction began to erode in the early 19th century as the result of immigration, the growth of cities and other democratizing forces, such as the westward expansion of the country. Over the decades, the right to vote was extended to ever larger numbers of the adult population as restrictions based on property ownership, race and sex were eliminated. As the electorate expanded, the political parties evolved to mobilize the growing mass of voters as the means of political control. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus, parties in  America emerged as a part of democratic expansion, and, beginning in the 1830s, they became firmly established and powerful. In recent decades, increasing numbers of individual voters classify themselves as â€Å"independent,† and they are permitted to register to vote as such in many states. Yet, according to opinion polls, even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings toward one party or another. Political Parties play various role such as; role in elections, role in local government,role in Policy macking,Role in government and role in a democracy.these role are explain given below. 1.Election Process: Election is the fundamental part of the government which was founded on the principle that the power to govern resides in the people.Elections provides the mean by which the people delegates this power to elected representative.By voting for government officials,the public makes choices about policies,programs and future direction of government actions.At the same time election make government officials accountable to their constituents.Elected officials must conduct themselves in responsible manner and take into account popular interest and the wishesof those they represent.Otherwise they risk being voted out of office.This system depends primerily on the voters.The electoral process only work if people participate. 2.Functions of political Parties: Political parties perform an important task in government. They bring people together to achieve control of the government, develop policies favorable to their interests or the groups that support them, and organize and persuade voters to elect their candidates to office. Although very much involved in the operation of government at all levels, political parties are not the government itself, and the Constitution makes no mention of them. The basic purpose of political parties is to nominate candidates for public office and to get as many of them elected as possible. Once elected, these officials try to achieve the goals of their party through legislation and program initiatives. Although many people do not think of it this way, registering as a Democrat or Republican makes them members of a political party.  Political parties want as many people involved as possible. Most members take a fairly passive role, simply voting for their partys candidates at election time. Some become more active and work as officials in the party or volunteer to persuade people to vote. The most ambitious members may decide to run for office themselves. 3.Role in policy making: Political parties are not policymaking organizations in themselves. They certainly take positions on important policy questions, especially to provide alternatives to the position of whichever party is in power. When in power, a party attempts to put its philosophy into practice through legislation. If a candidate wins office by a large majority, it may mean that the voters have given him or her a mandate to carry out the program outlined in the campaign. Because President Bill Clinton failed to win a majority of the popular vote in both 1992 and 1996, few considered his victories a mandate for any specific policy or ideology. President George W. Bush also entered office without a clear mandate, because his opponent, Al Gore, won more votes (and might have won the Electoral College if not for irregularities, such as confusing ballots, in Florida). 4.Role in Democracy: Democracy can be defined as rule for the, of the, by the peole.Actually it would be a means by which a government can run.infact democracy is based on free and fair Election machenism,adult francise,participation of all people in decision making etc. freedom of all parties to take part in election is one of the most importent thing so as to assure democracy or again democracy is maintain when there is morethen one political party it reflect public opinion and mass participation in decision making for their own.so the existence of political party implice the range of democracy. 5.Role in Local Government: Local candidates standing on a party card should have the advantage of a protective and developmental party machine behind them, schooling them beforehand on the issues, means and procedures of local government. In, practice however, this rarely, if ever, happens. Strategic advance thinking  and preparation – and the organisational focus and capability to deliver it – is, somehow, not the British thing. In theory, Independent candidates cannot be expected to have such support, while in practice, they are no more enabled or disabled by this than are their party political rivals. Where party backing comes into play is, to a degree, in the matter of campaigning. Behind party candidates is some sort of a ‘machine’ – not, actually a realistic concept in the ad hockery of local government at all levels. But there will at least be a knowledge of what to do and how to do it. This can be as much a disadvantage as an advantage as it will tend to perpetuate the status quoand to lack innovation; although it has great practical value in access to existing lists (the word ‘database’ would, in most cases, be stretching the point) and contacts. Party-based candidates will generally be given – or have imposed upon them – overarching, party-driven manifesto commitments to flesh out the paragraphs in their election literature and save them the trouble of thinking too much. Independents fly absolutely solo on the means and content of their campaigns. They have neither guidance nor instruction nor any or much campaigning infrastructure. 6.Regional Division and Politics of Alliances: Although the political contest in Pakistan is often depicted as a battle between the two major parties, this is something of a fallacy. Notably in the smaller provinces, strong regional-based parties have existed since the creation of Pakistani, and this tendency has continued till the present date, providing perhaps some indication of the ethnic, and ideological, diversity in the country. One of the parties which most effectively demonstrates the ethnic nature politics has frequently pursued in Pakistan is the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), a party which holds almost total sway as far as electoral success is concerned in the Sindh capital of Karachi – Pakistan’s largest city, gaining over 5 per cent of the national vote in both 1988 and 1990, an astonishing figure given its narrow base. On both occasions this translated into 13 National Assembly, and 28 Sindh seats. The MQM boycotted the 1993 polls. In the 1997 polls, it again claimed a share of just under 5 per cent of the  vote, which gave it 12 seats in the NA. 7.Political trends: While in terms of numbers, the political parties engaged in the electoral contest in Pakistan is great, this does not represent, in ideological terms, a political diversity. The class base for most of the parties has failed to move beyond the traditional elite which wields influence in Pakistans politics, and even when representatives from the middle-classes have emerged, as in the case of those making up the leadership of the MQM, they heave tended to articulate interests based on factors of ethnicity, other narrow categories, rather than on the basis of broader class interests. Moreover, in terms of ideology, the major political parties have been moving closer towards each other, and generally steering away from agendas advocating radical social change. The divide in terms of policy is narrower than ever before, and despite their vociferous attacks on each other, and the deep-rooted polarisation which often prevents them from coming together even on matters of common interest, the leading parties in the country represent a single force, rather than a range of groups articulating different, conflicting interests.The virtual disappearance of the left from electoral politics in Pakistan has aggravated this tendency, with conflict between parties based largely on rhetoric or highly personalised attacks on party leaders. The fact that, on the basis of political opportunism, members of one party are frequently willing to switch alliances and move to another group perhaps reflects the extent to which politics in the country have been stripped of ideological beliefs or commitment. And, even for the parties themselves, it is electoral pragmatism aimed at increasing vote banks and seat shares which for the most part dictates strategy, rather than the pursuit of the lofty ideals detailed in party manifestoes.

Definition Of A Product Life Cycle Marketing Essay

Definition Of A Product Life Cycle Marketing Essay A product is anything which is capable of satisfying customers needs. Product includes both physical or tangible products (mobile,car, type writer, computer, bike) and intangible products or services (health care, banking, insurance). Definition of a Product Life Cycle define what a product life cycle is: It is the period of time over which an item is developed, brought to market and eventually removed from the market. OR The stages through which a product develops over time is called Product Life Cycle (PLC). OR The product life cycle is MARKETING CONCEPT that describes the way the revenues from the sale of a product behave over time. Stages of a Product Life Cycle The product life cycle is broken down into four phases: Introduction Growth Maturity Decline The Product Life Cycle (PLC) Curve plc, product life cycle curve For all products, the life cycle is drawn is the form of a mount shaped curve. The starting of the curve marks the introduction stage; the slope indicates growth stage; top of the curve signifies maturity; and the graph ends in the decline stage. Theory of PLC: Biological Life Cycle Versus Product Life Cycle The concept of Product Life Cycle is based on biological life cycle. For instance, when a seed is planted (introduction); it begins to pullulate (growth); it shoot out flowers and leaves (maturity); and after a defined period of time, it starts to shrink and eventually die out (decline). Human beings also pass through the same phases of introduction, growth, maturity and decline in their lives. The same theory applies to a product. When a new product is launched in the market, it starts gaining customers; then it stabilizes and becomes mature; then after some time, it is taken over by the introduction of better and superior competitors therefore, it is withdrawn or harvested from the market. Benefits of Using a Product Life Cycle for Revenue MARKETING managers consider product life cycle as an important measure of sales revenues. As you can see it from the figure, the slope of the curve denotes the sales of a particular product. The more the slope then more the sales. When a product is introduced in the market, the sales are negligible. Due to marketing promotion efforts, the demand of product starts to rise and as a result some revenue is generated. When more and more customers begin to buy the product, the revenues of the product reaches to maximum; this stage is called maturity. A product can stay in maturity for several weeks, months or years depending on the external and internal market conditions and resources. Finally, when a product better in features and functions is launched by a competitor into the market, the sales starts to decline; in some cases, companies have to disengage their products or services. Product Life Cycle Management (Marketing)/ PLCM Product life cycle management (or PLCM) is the succession of strategies used by business management as a product goes through its developmental life cycle. The conditions involving the promotion and sales of a product, involving market saturation and advertising vary over time and must be managed as it moves through the different stages of succession. What is Marketing Mix? A marketing mix is a pre-planned assortment of all those controllable elements which are involved in the planning of a products marketing. they include the following 4Ps Product (often substituted by Presentation) Price Place Promotion These four elements are adjusted until the correct combination is reached befitting the requirements of a products customers, while generating optimum income. How to Create a Product Life Cycle First Stage Introducing the Product : Brand Building For the product life cycle to begin, the product must be launched in the market. This is done after target market is identified and ensured that the need for your product or service exists. At this stage, sales will be very low because customers are not really aware about the product and its benefits. Generating Demand: Promotion, Advertising, Marketing The cost of advertising and initial distribution is very high as companies intend to create awareness of the product and target early adopters. The goal is to build market and generate demand. Stage 1 Marketing Mix Implications You need to have a fair idea of marketing mix implications for each stage. Product Products are very less in number Price Some companies keep the price to high so as to cover their costs whereas others tend to keep it low so as to attract more and more early adopters. Distribution Initially, the distribution is done selectively Promotion Creation of awareness is the only goal of the promotion Growth Watch how the product is establishing market and making profit in comparison to the competitors. Maintain the focus on the promotion efforts. Notice how slowly or rapidly the product is gaining customers and generating profits. More and more retailers will be interested in carrying your product. Remember the goal of growth phase is to increase sales and gain customer preference. Second Stage Stage 2 Marketing Mix Implications Product Improvement of the product quality. Price If the demand of the product is high, price is maintained at high level whereas; if you want to target additional customer segments, reduce the price. Distribution To intensify distribution, discounts are offered to the retailers. Promotion Improved the promotional efforts. Maturity You will observe that your product has met market saturation. Eventually, there will be a marked increase in sales and it will become a challenge for the marketing and sales team to maintain the market share as new competitors would be penetrating into the market. Increase promotional efforts and offer more discount to the retailers in order that they give your more shelf space than competitors. The goal of maturity stage is to extend product life cycle while maintaining market share. Third Stage Stage 3 Marketing Mix Implications Product Product is differentiated from those of competitors Price Maximum possible reduction in prices to be made Distribution Retain existing distributors by offering discounts as well as searching for more channels of distribution Promotion Intensive promotion efforts in order to establish brand loyality Decline Carry out amarketing analysis or a survey to find out how customers perceive the product currently. If the interest and demand is low, think of ways to take the product back to profit making position. Possible ways could be the creation of new target segment and making modifications in the product. The goal of decline stage is either to maintain the product or discontinue it. Fourth Stage Stage 4 Marketing Mix Implications Product Fewer products left in the product line. Price If the product is to be maintained, the prices are retained. In case of termination, prices are reduced to liquidate inventory. Distribution Channels are phased out gradually. Promotion Advertising expenditure reaches a minimum level Examples of Product Life Cycle (PLC) Set out below are some suggested examples of products that are currently at different stages of the product life-cycle: INTRODUCTION GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE Third generation mobile phones Portable DVD Players Personal Computers Typewriters E-conferencing Email Faxes Handwritten letters All-in-one racing skin-suits Breathable synthetic fabrics Cotton t-shirts Shell Suits iris-based personal identity cards Smart cards Credit cards Cheque books Popular Cases of Product Life Cycles Pepsi Product Life Cycle Development Coca Cola Product Life Cycle Development Kellogs Product Life Cycle Development Apple Product Life Cycle Development Nokia Product Life Cycle Development

Beowulf is an Epic Hero Essay example -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

In the epic poem Beowulf, the protagonist Beowulf is shown as a hero with extrodinary strength. This is not what makes him a hero. By definition, a hero is a man of exceptional quality. However this term does not do Beowulf justice. His self-imposed purpose in life is to help others, and eventually sacrifices his own life in doing so. Beowulf’s battle with the dragon serves as a critique of the notion that Beowulf is a hero. The Dragon section displays many of Beowulf’s heoric characteristics. Beowulf establishes himself as a hero by fighting the dragon, exemplifing strength and courage when fighting the dragon, and sacrificing himself so that others can live. Beowulf’s fight against the dragon shows Beowulf as a hero. Although Beowulf had previously defeated two other foes, he stands fast and fights his most formidable foe yet, the dragon. Dragons were notoriously difficult to kill, and the poem states that it was a great man, who could kill a dragon, even if it meant losing one's life. While others cower away Beowulf fights the dragon. Beowulf defeats the dragon but loses his life in the same instance. Like the classical hero Beowulf loses his special status in death. Beowulf sought no compensation for his services; the mere satisfaction of helping others was pay enough. Like his two previous battles Beowulf fights for those who could not fight for themselves. While fighting the Dragon Beowulf shows feats of strength and courage that define him as a hero. The classical...

White Attitudes Towards Nature Essay -- Racial Relations, Indian, Whit

In Luther Standing Bear’s â€Å"Nature† and Louis Owens’s â€Å"The American Indian Wilderness†, the authors dictate differences in Indian and white relationships with nature. They stress how Indians see nature, their balanced relationship with it, and how they know wilderness is just a European idea. Though agreeing here, Standing Bear focuses on the Lakota view of how Indians truly lived while Owens reveals both sides and thinks white views can shift with time. Standing Bear thinks the difference in how whites and Indians see nature stems from childhood. He believes Indian children are aware of nature because they have been taught to â€Å"become conscious of life† and spend time just observing the wild things around them (9). By seeing the world this way, their love and respect for it flourishes (Standing Bear 10). This appreciation sharply contrasts to ignorant whites who foolishly play as children, ignoring everything but each other, and grow up disregarding the knowledge nature gives and viewing it only as something to use. He says whites are bored with nature because they do not have the â€Å"Indian point of view† (11). This distance whites have from nature harms their relationship with nature and humans, making them less compassionate when they do not see that â€Å"man’s heart, away from nature, becomes hard† (12). Similarly, Owens says whites see nature differently because of childhood experiences. Instead of growing up in nature daily, white children go on sporadic vacations camping, and thus view nature as a tourist attraction instead of a second home. He states Indians embrace nature because it has a stronger family significance to them that whites do not see. Indians call the Cascades the â€Å"Great Mother† because of stories they have hear... ...e two races â€Å"could not understand each other† (Standing Bear 12). On the other hand, Owens has hope for whites because he did not grow up with Indian traditions. He has seen whites preserving nature when he was sent to burn the shed, so even though they do not yet understand it he has hope that they can one day appreciate it. Indians understand and value nature more than whites and these authors recognize that. They believe the trouble with white attitudes is they do not truly see nature or form a harmonious relationship with it, and whites think they can be separated from their idea of wilderness. Although Standing Bear is critical of whites and believes they will never change, Owens thinks they will if they continue to redefine how they view nature. Overall, both authors want whites to respect the Indian view of nature and aspire to see it that way also.

Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization Essay

Ethical Dilemma Introduction                   Decisions are bound to be made on a daily basis whether on an individual or corporate level. The actions taken after the decision may lead to positive or negative outcomes. Ethics, therefore, is an important aspect that guides decision making both at a personal level and as a company. Ethics is described as the accepted moral values within a society or a given organization(Hoffman, Frederick, & Shwartz, 2013). It gives organizations and individual the outline of accepted practices and guides the decision making process to yield the preferable results without causing harm to others. Decisions define the success of any given organization because they are made on daily a basis, ranging from the top level management decisions to the support staff routine decision making. Ethical standards are important as they ensure all the stakeholders act sensibly. It is because of this reason that ethical standards play a crucial role in the success of an organization.                   One of the common ethical issues at an organizational level are the issues concerning the management of human resources. I have witnessed a human resource practitioner faced with an ethical dilemma concerning matters of recruitment, selection, fair working conditions, and remuneration(Seglin, 2011). The manager in charge of hiring and managing the human resources of any given organization face tough decision while performing their duties. Under the situation, I experienced, thehuman resource manager was put under pressure by the finance department to reduce the cost of labor for the company to realize sustainable profits. To achieve the set profit target of the company, the human resource manager had the alternative of hiring individual with low qualifications, or fire some of the employees to reduce the wage bill, or significantly reduce the salaries and benefits the employees are getting from the firm.                   From the above situation, the personnel manager is under an ethical dilemma situation. This is because both decisions and actions that he would take will have both positive and negative outcomes. First of all, it is ethical for the human resource manager to respect the directives from the senior management and serve the interest of the company to increase profits(Crane & Matten, 2012). However, by complying with these instructions will cause some employees to lose their jobs without sufficient or convincing reasons. This infringes the rights of the employees by terminating them without good reasons. If he employees with fewer skilled workers, the company will have a low wage bill, but the quality of work will be compromised and hence put the company at stake. Secondly, it is ethical for the human resource manager to protect the employees from termination without valid explanations(Seglin, 2011). Therefore, the manager is faced with two choices that both seem morally correct, but the outcomes have ethical considerations too. However, the manager was left with no choice and decided to terminate some employees, reduce salaries and employee benefits for the remaining workers.                   The stakeholders affected by the decision of the human resource manager include the management, the employees, both the fired and those still working, and the clients of the organization. The management is affected because the company is understaffed and the available resources underutilized. This means most of the resources go to waste and hence increasing losses made by the firm in the long run. By hiring low skilled personnel translates to low wages as directed by the management(Hoffman, Frederick, & Shwartz, 2013). However, the employees will give poor work quality due to lack of required expertise and hence the management may lose business to their close market rivals.                   The employees who are fired are adversely affected due to the loss of their source of lively hood. It is also against their right, to terminate their employment with no valid reason. Such individuals’ lives are changed and it affects their families too, if they were the main providers(Crane & Matten, 2012). The workers who remain on the job are also affected adversely due to the reduction in their number. They have to perform extra work and take extra time to finish what the terminated personnel used to do. With time such employees lose job morale due to low pay and long hours of work.                   Clients of the firm will also be affected by this decision because of the poor quality of work. Termination of some employees will make the organization to be understaffed and hence unable to meet the growing demand for their products. This affects the final consumers due to the forces of demand and supply. Hiring low skilled employees has a direct impact on the quality of work output(Seglin, 2011). The consumers will, therefore, receive substandard products. This reduces the utility clients derive from consuming the services and products of the firm.                   What would be considered the right outcome of the human resource manager’s decision, is the reduction of labor cost. Some of the things that constitute to high labor cost are high cost of wages and salaries, high number of employees, good working conditions, and employee benefits. By terminating the employment of some employees, the wage bill of the company reduces(Hoffman, Frederick, & Shwartz, 2013). The management will also offer lower salaries to less skilled employs and the reduction in the remuneration of the existing employees also reduce the labor cost. Therefore, the management would consider this outcome to be ‘right’ according to their expectations.                   However, it would also be considered wrong for the human resource boss to terminate employment agreements, reduce salaries and benefits, and hire less skilled. It is unethical for any employer to terminate the employment agreements of his/her workers without valid reasons. The process of selecting who is to be fired is also faced with ethical considerations and bias may prevail the process(Hoffman, Frederick, & Shwartz, 2013). Employees are supposed to be remunerated in accordance with their contribution to the company. Underpaying the employee for the benefit of the company is considered unethical and wrong. By reducing the number of employees in an organization makes the remaining workers work overtime. This is unethical as it denies them the crucial time to balance work and family. It is going against the rights of the workers by adding them more tasks without changing their terms of payment.                   The human resource manager made his decision based on the ethical principles of the firm. His decision to implement the directive of the management concerning cutting on labor cost, was influenced by the ethical principal that requires all the employees to respect the management and serve the interest of the company and not their own interest(Crane & Matten, 2012). If he would not implement the plan, then the human resource manager will be considered to have behaved in contempt of his seniors.The management of the firm spearhead the interest of the company and communicate it down to the least of ranks among the employees. In this case the firm’s interest is to reduce the cost incurred on manpower and hence increase the profit margins. As much as this decision when put to action affects livelihood of employees and the success of the firm, the human resource manager has to follow the code of ethics that requires him to respect decisions from persons at a higher rank than him.                   Biases also played a major role in influencing the decision and action taken by the personnel manager. He took the decision in favor of the management since he has a lower rank to them. By favoring them, he reduces the risk of him being questioned or even fired. If he does not be biased in his decision then he would not have served any of the parties due to the natter at hand being an ethical dilemma(Hoffman, Frederick, & Shwartz, 2013). This means that both the alternatives he had seemed morally right. It is ethical for him to protect employees from termination and remuneration reduction, because the company may incur high losses in the long run if that action is taken. However, it is also his moral responsibility to execute the plans and instructions of his colleagues in senior positions than him. Therefore, his action is justifiable as ethical. It is because of this dilemma that the manager had to apply bias for him to find a way out. This bias is mai nly as a result of seniority of management over the personnel manager.                   To address the ethical dilemma at hand, it would be wise for the human resource manager and the management to discuss the issue at hand. Then they organize a forum with both the management and the employees over the cost of labor. During the talks, the personnel manager will have a chance to explain to the management why the human resources are the most important resources for the success of the firm(Seglin, 2011). He would advise the top managers on other methods of costs reduction other than termination and pay cut. Measures such as doing massive advertising and publicity would increase the sales margin of the company. This is directly proportional to profits and it can be adopted instead of firing employees. The company may also invest more in the employees to increase their efficiency and skills. By doing productivity will go high and they will produce quality products and services that would more potential customers and increase sales turnouts. Conclusion                   Human beings and organizations are faced with situations that require decision making on a daily basis. Ethics is those values that are used to distinguish between right and wrong in an organization or a society. The decision made always have consequences and the consequences are judged based on the set moral values. Human resource practitioners are faced with ethical dilemmas in their daily responsibilities, that is; recruitment, selection, training, and termination. During this decisions and actions several stakeholders are affected. The management, the employees, and the clients are all affected by the decisions of the human resource manager. At times it is difficult to consider what is right and what is wrong due to both outcomes seeming morally correct. This situation is called an ethical dilemma. To overcome such situations all stakeholders of a given organization should frequently have meetings and talks to update the code of ethics and discuss so lutions to difficult ethical situations. References Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2012). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. New York C: Oxford University Press. Hoffman, M., Frederick, R., & Shwartz, M. (2013). Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Seglin, J. (2011). The Good, the Bad, and Your Business: Choosing Right When Ethical Dilemmas Pull You Apart . Boston: Wiley Publishers. Source document