GlaxoSmithKline and the China Bribery Scandal Essay -- GSK Bribery in

Global partnerships (MNCs) are putting and working in numerous remote markets the world over. With this globalization, it is getting progressively significant for directors at all levels to get capable in diverse administration. This paper will investigate the difficulties experienced by a British exile dealing with the Chinese specialty unit for a British pharmaceutical MNC. An appraisal of the national social contrasts utilizing Hofstede’s research on business related qualities contrasts will be investigated. The information will be broke down to decide whether these distinctions affected the associations capacity to effectively oversee diversely. GlaxoSmithKline, Plc (GSK) is the biggest British pharmaceutical organization with a nearness in excess of 100 nations around the globe. In July 2013, the Economic Crimes Investigations Unit of the China Public Security Ministry in Beijing blamed GSK for paying off government authorities and specialists to endorse higher costing marked medications to treat their patients. GSK allegedly offered around $489 million in ill-conceived travel bundles, meeting costs, amusement and money more than six years to these specialists and authorities (Sukhija). Frequently, the motivations were piped through movement organizations, who might send specialists on worldwide excursions and give them extravagances while at different occasions installments were basically made in real money. GSK discharged an announcement clarifying that the claims made against the senior administrators of the organization are ‘shameful'. †We are profoundly concerned and frustrated by these genuine claims of deceitful conduct and moral unfortunate behavior by specific people at the organization and outsider offices. Such conduct would be an away from of GSK'... ...013. El-emergente.com. Web. 20 May 2014. Okoro, Ephraim. Worldwide Organizations and Operations: An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Communication Effectiveness and Management Orientation. Journal of Business and Management (2013): 1-13. Archive. Philippidis, Alex. China's Challenges Stretch Beyond the GSK Scandal. 01 August 2013. Genengnews.com. Web. 19 May 2014. Reilly, Mark. Imprint Reilly, China - GlaxoSmithKline. 10 December 2009. gsk.com. PDF document. 19 May 2014. Shobert, Benjamin. Three Ways to Understand GSK's China Scandal. 04 September 2013. Forbes.com. Web. 18 May 2014. Sukhija , Sheetal . GSK China outrage: What have been the features? 31 July 2013. BioSpectrum Asia Web webpage. Web. 2014 May 16. Voreacos, David. China's Bribery Culture Poses Risks for Multinationals. 21 November 2013. Bloomberg.com. Web. 19 May 2014.

Changing Views on Homosexuality

People are feeling increasingly open to communicate their gay way of life and this is to a limited extent because of the changing perspectives on sexual conduct and homosexuality. Gay conduct is characterized as sexual conduct with an individual from one’s own sex (Sarason, 2005). Before the 1970s, homosexuality was viewed as a diagnosable mental issue and was recorded in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Homosexuality was seen nearly as an infection that individuals should have been restored of. Research uncovered that gay people didn't contrast in mental modification from hetero people (Sarason, 2005). There has been the discussion of whether an individual is brought into the world gay or if homosexuality is an educated conduct. As I would like to think, I accept that an individual is brought into the world gay and doesn't picked or take in this sexual conduct from others. I’ve saw a relative grow up and saw conduct as kid that recommended he might be gay. As a grown-up, he educated the family that he is in actuality gay. This came as a stun to nobody and when asked when he realized he was gay, he expressed that he knew from the start. It is imagined that if individuals no longer seen homosexuality as a conduct that individuals decided to participate in, that less accentuation would be put on attempting to â€Å"cure† homosexuality. Dr. Glenn Wilson and Dr. Qazi Rahman, writers of the book Born Gay, express that there is no single gay quality, yet qualities do contribute and consider the impact of sex hormones to which babies are uncovered in the belly (Ahuja, 2005). Wilson and Rahman feel that sexual direction is fixed during childbirth and that any proof based researcher would concur (Ahuja, 2005). With more individuals understanding that sexual direction is inborn instead of educated, perspectives on homosexuality are moving. Our general public is gradually getting all the more tolerating and putting to a lesser degree a shame on gay conduct. In the past there were no rights for gays needing to wed, yet now gays in Massachusetts can lawfully wed. In Vermont and different pieces of the world, gay people currently reserve the option to go into legitimate associations that give them a portion of similar securities and duties of marriage (Sarason, 2005). Past assessments of public sentiment have brought about certain Americans saying that gays can't be viewed as acceptable good examples for kids (Sarason, 2005). A few people have imagined that a child’s sexual direction could be influenced if the youngster had gay or lesbian guardians. Research on kid alteration in gay families gave results that didn't contrast from youngsters raised by hetero guardians (Sarason, 2005). Dr. Ellen C. Perrin feels that youngsters raised by gay or lesbian couples do similarly just as kids raised as by hetero couples. â€Å"In a few different ways offspring of same-sex guardians really may have preferences over other family structures†, says Perrin (Chang, 2005). Studies directed on gay couples show that lesbian couples share family unit duties similarly and that kids alter better when there is an equivalent division of work (Chang, 2005). Bringing up solid, composed youngsters and understanding that homosexuality is an inborn conduct are only two instances of why perspectives towards homosexuality are evolving. In spite of the fact that there is despite everything opportunity to get better regarding tolerating gay culture, strides are being made contrasted with before mentalities. To me the most huge change is understanding that homosexuality isn't a confusion, it speaks to a person’s sexual direction. References http://www.webmd.com/psychological well-being/news/20051012/study-same-sex-guardians bring up composed children Changing Views on Homosexuality People are feeling progressively open to communicate their gay way of life and this is to a limited extent because of the changing perspectives on sexual conduct and homosexuality. Gay conduct is characterized as sexual conduct with an individual from one’s own sex (Sarason, 2005). Preceding the 1970s, homosexuality was viewed as a diagnosable mental issue and was recorded in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Homosexuality was seen nearly as an illness that individuals should have been restored of. Research uncovered that gay people didn't contrast in mental alteration from hetero people (Sarason, 2005). There has been the discussion of whether an individual is brought into the world gay or if homosexuality is a scholarly conduct. As I would like to think, I accept that an individual is brought into the world gay and doesn't picked or take in this sexual conduct from others. I’ve saw a relative grow up and saw conduct as youngster that recommended he might be gay. As a grown-up, he educated the family that he is in actuality gay. This came as a stun to nobody and when asked when he realized he was gay, he expressed that he knew from the beginning. It is believed that if individuals no longer seen homosexuality as a conduct that individuals decided to participate in, that less accentuation would be set on attempting to â€Å"cure† homosexuality. Dr. Glenn Wilson and Dr. Qazi Rahman, writers of the book Born Gay, express that there is no single gay quality, however qualities do contribute and consider the impact of sex hormones to which embryos are uncovered in the belly (Ahuja, 2005). Wilson and Rahman feel that sexual direction is fixed during childbirth and that any proof based researcher would concur (Ahuja, 2005). With more individuals understanding that sexual direction is inborn as opposed to learned, perspectives on homosexuality are moving. Our general public is gradually getting additionally tolerating and putting to a lesser extent a shame on gay conduct. In the past there were no rights for gays needing to wed, yet now gays in Massachusetts can lawfully wed. In Vermont and different pieces of the world, gay people currently reserve the option to go into legitimate organizations that give them a portion of similar insurances and obligations of marriage (Sarason, 2005). Past assessments of public sentiment have brought about certain Americans saying that gays can't be viewed as acceptable good examples for youngsters (Sarason, 2005). A few people have felt that a child’s sexual direction could be influenced if the kid had gay or lesbian guardians. Research on kid modification in gay family units gave results that didn't vary from youngsters raised by hetero guardians (Sarason, 2005). Dr. Ellen C. Perrin feels that youngsters raised by gay or lesbian couples do similarly just as kids raised as by hetero couples. â€Å"In a few different ways offspring of same-sex guardians really may have preferences over other family structures†, says Perrin (Chang, 2005). Studies led on gay couples show that lesbian couples share family unit obligations similarly and that youngsters alter better when there is an equivalent division of work (Chang, 2005). Bringing up sound, composed kids and understanding that homosexuality is an intrinsic conduct are only two instances of why mentalities towards homosexuality are evolving. In spite of the fact that there is despite everything opportunity to get better regarding tolerating gay culture, strides are being made contrasted with before mentalities. To me the most noteworthy change is understanding that homosexuality isn't a confusion, it speaks to a person’s sexual direction. References http://www.webmd.com/psychological well-being/news/20051012/study-same-sex-guardians bring up balanced children

Above MIT

Above MIT Ahoy, prospective students and parents* and, well, anyone else who frequents these blogs! * The word prospective doesnt distribute to parents here. I mean, I guess there are prospective parents on the blogs, but really, dont plan out your childs future that far in advance, dude. Wait until they at least hit preschool first. Or, better yet, high school! ^^; Im Piper, an MIT student and College Confidential bum turned Admissions blogger. If you want to read a little bit about me, you can check out my bio here. If you want to find out a little more about me, feel free to ask me questions! Otherwise, stay tuned. I have plenty of adventures and exciting things to show you. Starting now. As my first blogging act, I would like to show you a completely new way to look at MIT. Literally. The likelihood of you seeing MIT quite like this is somewhat small. But Piper, you might ask, how can you possibly show me a new view of MIT? I call it a Cessna 172 flying machine. I come from a long line of pilots, you see. My father was a pilot, and yeah, thats where it ends. And now Im a pilot too. So when last Family Weekend rolled around and my parents came to visit, I had a thought. Man, wouldnt it be cool to see MIT from the sky? I found the somewhat-nearby Hanscom Field, and convinced my father that this was totally a good idea and we could totally convince BOSs air traffic control to let us take a close look at MIT. And somehow, it worked. I feel like takeoff is a good place to start with a disclaimer: my father was in control of the plane while I was snapping these photos. Rest assured that I was not several thousand feet in the air staring through a camera when I shouldve been looking out the window or at my instruments. This was the first major landmark I recognized once I was in the air. This is Walden Pond. Almost there! Here you can see a good portion of west campus. The tall building on the near side of the river is MacGregor. On the other side of the field, you can see the sponge that is Simmons. The identities of the rest of the buildings are left as an exercise to the reader. Welcome to main campus! From here, you can see Killian Court, the Big Dome and the Little Dome. Just across the river, you can see the Prudential Center and the John Hancock Building. Finally, theres the beautiful Charles River itself with some sailboats sprinkled on top. Really a view of a huge chunk of campus, but lets focus on the east side. The tall building (near side of the river) with the little white ball on top is the Green Building. Just to its left, youll notice two parallel buildings they make up East Campus, the wonderfully strange dorm Ill be having an awesome summer in. And finally, on the upper part of this picture, I thought Id just show you how close Logan Airport is. The air traffic control there was amazingly competent and friendly in our interaction with them, so I thought Id include a little shout-out on how just cool they are. And with that, I bring my sky tour of the Institvte to an end. Seeing my home-away-from-home in a completely new way, familiar territory through an unfamiliar flight path, was just a spectacular sight. As summer approaches, perhaps Ill see it again soon :)

The New Deal Essay - 660 Words

The New Deal When the great depression hit America, the country was left in devastation. Due to the Hoover Administrations slow reaction in responding to the depression, many had lost their hope for the future. Then Franklin Roosevelt came up during 1932 elections. During his campaign, Roosevelt found his slogan: The New Deal, a name that would become a symbol of one of his greatest achievements. Many people had asked, what caused the Great Depression? Some blamed on the Great Crash. Economists say that the Great Crash did damage the economic system in some ways, but it did not necessarily cause the depression. It was the weak economic structure at the time that may have triggered the tumbling†¦show more content†¦Despite of these programs, however, the people protested against Hoover. They argued that Hoover was too slow in response to the problems. The country was in a total mess when Franklin Roosevelt stepped into office. The new president took action quickly within the first Hundred Days. He created and have the Congress passed over 15 major laws. These 15 legislation would later be the foundation of the New Deal programs. The first step was to save the banks. On March 9, President Roosevelt banks an emergency back legislation to repair the banking system: stable banks would reopen immediately after the bank holiday with government support. Weak banks would be closed and put into further investigations. Roosevelts second step was to reduce the unemployment and helping the needy and poor persons. To help people from having their homes foreclosed, FDR proposed the Home Owners Loan Act, which refinanced their mortgages. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was next, to feed the poor. To employ the unemployed, Civil Works Administration (CWA) was created, which reduced the number of the unemployed by 4 million and his other programs like CCC, TVA, etc. In June 1933, the Public Works Administration (PWA) and the National Recovery Administration (NRA) came to light. The PWA was created to stimulate industry and create employment in public works. The NRA worked to establishShow MoreRelated The New Deal1585 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s 32nd president. This democrat, inaugurated on March 4, 1933, won the 1932 election against Hoover by a landslide. The new president made a promise to his citizens, â€Å"I pledge you, I pledge myself, a new deal for the American people.† He reassured Americans that he would change their lives. He promised to get people back to work and back in their homes (â€Å"New Deal Timeline 1). For the hundreds of thousands of unemployed workers, FDR’s promise was helpful and true. For example, the WorksRead MoreThe New Deal997 Words   |  4 Pagesmade by nature. They are made by human beings. The New Deal was a plan that was consecrated during the mid-20th Century by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in order to ordain financial reform, direct relief and economic provision. These dispositions were able to constitute our modern foundation of our true economic stability and financial reformation, despite our nation’s current financial status due to our later United States presidents. The New Deal has been depicted as a vital approach to the nation’sRead MoreThe New Deal1023 Words   |  5 Pagesstate of affairs and a desire for a new approach on â€Å"fixing the national economic crisis† (Hurley). The new president would not let down the nation. During his first two terms in office, FDR â€Å"enforced legislation through Congress that set a n ew standard for government intervention in the economy† (wm.edu). The change he made for the nation was radical, the plan would create a lasting impact that benefitted the country for years to come. Although the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, itRead MoreProgressivism, The New Deal, And The Fair Deal1267 Words   |  6 PagesAn Overview of Progressivism, the New Deal, and the Fair Deal in the US Nameï ¼Å¡Xuan Wang Course: HIST 13C Date: 2017-08-26 The 20th century is one of the influential periods in the history of the United States. The period was characterized by the introduction of a wide range of policy frameworks with the purpose of bringing about necessary social and economic change. The government based interventions relied on the premise of ensuring that the country development was sustainable andRead MoreA New Deal A New America891 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly referred to as FDR, is without a doubt one of these leaders. FDR made new laws, put forth many ideas, and raised the public’s morale before, during, and after WWII. He affected America in such a way that he brought us out of the slum of Great Depression. Even though Franklin D. Roosevelt put America in debt, his new deal policy gave millions of Americans jobs, stimulated the economy, raised public moral, and introduced new big government tactics. He was truly the people’s president. It is trueRead MoreThe Big Deal About The New Deal916 Words   |  4 PagesThe big deal about the new deal When looking at the new deal in the 1930’s it is hard to say anything with conviction. From the start of the great depression to the war little was black and white. The reasoning you gave to the situation would probably give a clue as to where you fit in the status quo. However, this paper is about bringing to light if I think the new deal was successful or not. In my opinion yes the new deal was a success, though not entirely in the way intended. To start off IRead MoreThe New Deal Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Deal The New Deal had three aims Relief, which was to help with unemployment, Recovery to rebuild the economy and to return USA to the 1920s economic boom. The New Deal was not a complete success, but it did prevent things from getting worse, it dealt with unemployment in a way. One of the aims of the New Deal was to provide Relief; I am going to assess the successes and failures of this aim. The role of the FERA, they were kind of a success because theyRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New Deal Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthe program the New Deal, came to presidency. It was a series of social liberal programs applied in the United States in 1933-1938 in response to the Great Depression. The New Deal was focused on three main principles: relief, recovery, and reform.[footnoteRef:1] They promised to bring the country to prosperity and economically stable future. However, the Conservatives criticized the New Deal during the whole period of the reforms. It was expressed by Herbert Hoover in Anti-New Deal Campaign SpeechRead MoreThe New Deal: DBQ1337 Words   |  6 Pagescrashed, heralding the tumble into world-wide depression. President Hoover tried to pacify the people by telling them it was temporary and would pass over. But a new figure rose out of the people, promising he would do anything and everything he could to restore their lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to the presi dency, and his new policies would soon sweep over the country. Roosevelts responses to the problems of the Great Depression were successful in strengthening the power of the federalRead MoreOutline Of A New Deal872 Words   |  4 PagesI will introduce the New Deal. I will identify it, discuss the important background circumstances for it, and assess the historical significance. The  New Deal  was a series of  social and economic programs enacted in the United States to fix the depression When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president in 1933. The New Deal had two period that was the First New Deal which was from1933 to 1934 and the Second New Deal which was from 1935 to 1938. Moreover, the New Deal had three main cores: Relief, Recovery

Essay about Environmental Pollution - 1267 Words

Environmental Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Automobiles like these are around the world everyday, and their exhaust destroys our air everyday. Our environment is a major aspect of our life today. Many of us dont take our Earth seriously and think that as long as pollution doesnt hurt them they can go ahead and throw garbage on the ground or spill oil down the drain. Well to many people have that theory and they are killing off our Earth and also physically harming themselves from the air they breath and the water they swim in. Our Earth is fragile like a human and people dont know. There are many different types of environmental pollution (e.g. Water, air, atmospheric.) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Scientists believe that all†¦show more content†¦If this depletion opens up dangerous and deadly UV Rays from the sun will come into Earth. Air pollution causes global warming which scientist believe is making the Earth warmer and melting ice up in the South and North Pole. The country Holland has had water from the ocean got too high for them and flooded into towns. Holland spent millions of dollars to put up â€Å"dikes† which are big barriers in the water to prevent their town to be completely submerged. With the ocean getting deeper coastal cites all around the world could flood, billions of dollars would be spent to try to prevent it, but in a while it could not be stopped. Instead of waiting and having to spend all this money why dont we put it together today and try different ways of preventing air pollution, it would be much easier than all the trouble of stopping flooding. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Water pollution is another major aspect of environmental pollution. Water pollution is scary because over 75% of our Earth is covered by the ocean. Water pollution comes from many different sources around the world. One major pollutant that destroys the ocean is oil spills. The oil from an oil spill kills hundreds of sea animals from fish, to whales, to birds. Below is a small list of just some of the major oil spills. Notice how many tons were spilled into our ocean... Notable Oil Spills Datenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Locationnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Descriptionnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TonsShow MoreRelatedEssay On Environmental Pollution1605 Words   |  7 Pageswith the issue of environmental pollution, especially soil, water, air and thermal pollution. This has caused some people to leave their homes, animals to die and even children to become sick which is quite disheartening. This paper addresses the environmental pollution problem by looking at the causes, the effects, and some possible remedies or solutions that we can employ. It engages in online research as well as field research. Introduction Environmental pollution is a severe problemRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution and Degradation3803 Words   |  16 PagesEnvironmental degradation DEFINITION: Environmental degradation may be defined as the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. Environmental degradation has occurred due to the recent activities in the field of socio-economic, institutional and technologies. Environmental changes are dependent on many factors including economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensificationRead MoreNoise Pollution : An Underrated Environmental Pollution Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesYuemeng Ma ENVS*1030 Oct 7, 2016 Noise Pollution: An Underrated Environmental Pollution In April of 2011, WHO and the European Union Cooperative Research Center published a comprehensive report on the impact of noise on human health, Burden of disease from environmental noise. This is the most comprehensive study of noise pollution in recent years. Noise pollution is not only annoying, poor sleep, but also can trigger heart disease, learning disabilities and tinnitus and other diseases, but alsoRead MorePollution As An Environmental Problem1426 Words   |  6 PagesPOLLUTION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM Introduction The environment is always facing sudden changes due to natural forces like the eruption of volcanic and earthquakes. However human activities have in the recent times being blamed as the major contributor to the majority of the environmental problems that there are today. Among the numerous environmental issues is pollution. Human activities have been solely responsible for soil, water, and air pollution that has made the entire environment pollutedRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution Essays604 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Pollution Our environment is affected by our daily actions. The earth is plagued with land, air and water pollution. Some of the problems we face on earth are: deforestation, nuclear waste, acid rain, global warming, overpopulation and some animals are endangered. Air pollution has many different sources. Power-generated plants, oil refineries, chemical plants, and steel mills contribute to about 140 million tons of pollutants into the air every year. Automobiles accountRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment871 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the biggest problems that the world faces today is environmental pollution. The increasing demand for goods and resource consumption are destroying this world. The environment is deteriorating fast along with its ability to support life for future generations. Therefore, who is responsible for the deterioration of the world? Industrialized nations who contribute tons of toxic waste per day or individuals who are not aware of their impact on the environment. According to Derrick JensenRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Pollution On The Environment1405 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Environmental pollution is a major problem in the world, posing many health risks to both humans and the environment when exposed to the pollutants for long periods of time. Environmental pollution can simply be defined as â€Å"the presence in the environment of an agent which is potentially damaging to either the environment or human health (Briggs, 2003, 2).† There are many different types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Environmental pollution needsRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution Control Measures8416 Words   |  34 PagesChapter 6 Environmental Pollution Control Measures While modern societies face growing concern about global environmental issues, developing countries are experiencing complex, serious and fast-growing pollution problems of their own. The potent combination of industrialization, urban development and mass consumption trends is exacerbated by foreign companies operating with little regard for the impact on the local environment. Environmental pollution is more than just a health issue; it is a widerRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment3497 Words   |  14 Pages Nowadays environmental pollution is one of the hottest topics in society. Ned Haluzan concludes,â€Å"The most appropriate definition of environmental pollution would be the introduction of different harmful pollutants into certain environment that makes this environment unhealthy to live in.†(1) In other words, the natural environment has been destroyed by human activities, and thus harmful to the phenomenon of humans and other organisms for survival and development. With continued increaseRead MoreHuman Inequality And Environmental Pollution1928 Words   |  8 Pageswhich had registered 18% or more each year from 2006 to 2011 (Gough, January 19, 2016). Nonetheless, such massive growth of the nation stand widely clouded by a dark sky of biting inequality and massive concerns of environmental dilapidation. Biting human inequality and Environmental pollution has been for long time and continues to be a serious problem in China. These two closely tied problems are evident mostly in education, health, economic situations, politics and the Chinese labor which is more of

A Book Review on Martin Jacques’ When China Rules the World Free Essays

A Book Review On Martin Jacques’ When China Rules the World By Abhinav Pathak â€Å"The underlying argument of the book is that China’s impact on the world will be as great as that of the United States over the last century, probably far greater†¦. China, with continuing economic growth (albeit at a reduced rate) is destined to become one of the two major global powers and ultimately the major global power†- Martin Jacques Martin Jacques’ above statement is a bold one, but shouldn’t come much of a surprise as Goldman Sachs gave such conclusions credibility in 2007 when it concluded that China would surpass U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on A Book Review on Martin Jacques’ When China Rules the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now GDP in 2027, and double it by 2050. I believe that Jacques, in a serious and comprehensive analysis, puts modern-day China into a long historic context and explores contemporary (and possible future) relations between a resurgent China and other East Asian states, the United States, and other parts of the world. The book is split into two parts, The End of the Western World and the Age of China. The Age of China section is much better than the End of the Western World. It gives the reader a background of China in relatively decent depth. It describes biases and history. It describes issues like racism; the repercussions of Confucianism are described in depth. A lot of the statistics seem to be from earlier in the decade suggesting this book was written over a long period of time but only recently completed. That being said, the main forms of argument of this section and the book, are images, not real facts. Chinese proverbs are used as evidence of the perspective, which I think is very ineffective, as for each one which supports a point, one can find another proverb which offers a different perspective. The Rise of China is an incredibly important and seemingly irreversible process, this could have been a great opportunity to back up claims with case evidence, but that was really not done in any convincing fashion. The author often makes hyperbolized points, which within a paragraph become qualified with a much more balanced perspective. An example is the description of China and democracy. China it is claimed has no need for democracy and there is no reason to expect it, based on their historical citizens arrangement with government, and the fact that the people are not demanding it today (there are several times when it is stated that the Chinese need 8-9% growth as not to cause civil unrest implicitly stating that it is the growth that excuses the lack of demand for political rights and that citizens are willing to forgive political rights for economic growth)†¦ Most people who make convincing arguments about China and democracy make the claim that democracy in China will follow from socio-economic development. When people move to the point from having to worry about subsistence to worrying about their leisure time, their priorities of governance chance. The allusions to history are just not convincing arguments, they can be dismissed as contextual and the authors own description of growth needed to prevent civil unrest makes the same point as stated above. The author sure knows this, so after making a claim which is not backed up, qualifies it by saying, it probably will democratize, but not the way you expect. Well, I don’t know what that means. Points like this should be argued with case studies, look at the political associations and power that the well off have vs. the poor, look at how those have changed. If there has been no change in political ideals of a person/group as their socio-economic condition has changed, make a point. Unfortunately the book does not take this approach, it looks to the past when the world was little changing in a relative context to today, and makes inferences. To quote Park Chung Hee from Korea which also took a state centered followed by democracy approach – â€Å"In human life, economics precedes politics and culture. † If one is going to dispute this, one should be doing it with cases not words with any evidence. However, there are many illustrations that Jacques, the author, gives us to back his claim of the Chinese domination. Since the economic reforms launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 (just two years after the death of Mao), the Chinese economy has been growing at an average rate of 9. 5% a year which represents a doubling in size every seven years. Jacques comments: â€Å"Given its scale and speed, China’s economic transformation is surely the most extraordinary in human history†¦ The country has borne witness to the greatest poverty reduction programme ever seen†. He further observes that the most important single characteristic of China is its unity. It has been relatively unified for over two millennia, attaches compelling priority to the maintenance of this unity, and is not prepared to compromise on the sovereignty – as opposed to the forms of governance – of Tibet or Xinjiang or the ‘lost territories’ of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Jacques argues that â€Å"the Chinese have a pathological fear of division and instability†. China will become modern not by simply replicating the established modernity of Europe and North America, but by creating its own distinctive modernity in what will become a world of what he calls †contested modernity†. In many respects, the coming global supremacy of China is seen by the Chinese themselves as simply re-establishing the natural order of things, since they have always seen Chinese civilization as the greatest in the world and the ‘century of humiliation’ (1850-1950), involving the ‘unequal treaties’, colonialism and occupation, is regarded as an aberration which is now being corrected. This sense of superiority is underlined by a specifically racial view of the Chinese in which the Han Chinese, who comprise 92% of the total population, are seen as a single race and even the 100M non-Han are described as different nationalities rather than races. Indeed there is a view in some quarters than the origins of the Chinese are discrete and unconnected with that of other branches of humankind. All of these form the main themes of the book, â€Å"When China Rules the World† and it does sound that the 21st century will witness a paradigm shift in the centre of world power and influence. I do have couple of criticisms though. I feel the author is inconsistent at times and does not draw conclusions based on the evidence he presents rather than the feelings that he has about the subject. It often seems like the author is describing a zero-sum world, China moving up is the west moving down. The West has started growing again, given there are major issues still being worked through (though the author says the West is in a depression†¦ ) and there is a title called the end of the Western world. In my opinion if he US manages to grow, then that doesn’t mark the end of the western world. As long as the quality of life per person is greater than in China or wherever, it is a model for something right? Otherwise one should just join the country with the greatest number of citizens. The end of strict western hegemony seems inevitable, but the west is a model for something as again, it has the highest living standards in the world. If china doesn’t dominate t he US GDP that would be a tragedy, it has 5 times the people†¦ This balance of power perspective is what drives a lot of the commentary. It is an important perspective and it would be naive to dismiss it, but as long as the model for economic growth is yielding good results, it is a valuable model for how a society should run. One cannot compare China and the US/Western Europe. They are not anywhere close on a GDP per capita. The rise of Chinese nationalism is very much a result of the great things China is achieving and the desire to be a part of it and to show the world what the Chinese are capable of. It is not a we are better, any average Chinese citizen would with a high degree of confidence switch place with a US citizen of Chinese origin- as long as that is the case, we haven’t seen the end of the west. That phenomenon will be around for a long time and the end of that situation isn’t even contemplated in this book, the more defining data point to the author is, when china’s GDP will exceed the US. So as not to bore people, the book gives good history, discusses central aspects of Chinese culture that aren’t prevalent in the west, and discusses how they might manifest themselves on a global scale. That perspective is an important one, as the strategic power of China grows, so will its use of influence and it is important to understand the context of its perspectives. Another criticism that I have is that he not infrequently darts backwards and forwards in time. Perhaps this is unavoidable and I might not have been better pleased with a strict chronological account which would necessarily have hopped about between geography, military and economical viewpoints. In conclusion, I believe that China will change the world. However, the future is seen here mainly through the prism of a somewhat overstated China-centric historical determinism. The clamor of conflicting voices within China, with their potential to shape coming events, is barely considered. A more symbiotic development – that of China reaching an accommodation with the world in mutual self interest – is played down. China is locked into global systems that it will be difficult to fully extricate itself from – or replace – and which will mitigate its actions. Jacques himself convinced me that China’s rise is not a new paradigm but one of many burgeoning hybrids of existing modernity which will be eventually assimilated, albeit at great cost to Western global dominance. This book is a valuable addition to an important debate. But at times the author stares so long and hard at China’s history that he seems to develop tunnel vision. Surely China’s past, although important, will not shape the global future in the overwhelming way that Jacques clearly believes that it will! How to cite A Book Review on Martin Jacques’ When China Rules the World, Papers

Development Of Regional Economic Systems †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Of Regional Economic Systems? Answer: Introduction: The aim of the report is to study the marketing plan of an organisation. Marketing plan of an organisation has encompasses several aspects like its branding strategy, its market position, the position of its products on the BCG matrix and its product lifecycle analysis(PLC). Hence, in order to develop a more holistic approach into marketing plan, the assignment will take into account all these factors against the background of a restaurant in Australia serving mainly delicacies from Asian countries like Iran called Kebab Thyme. Overview: Marketing plans or strategies of commercial organisations are formed based on the marketing objectives. The top management have to take into account several factors related to the market environment like the product lifecycle of the product being studied, its brand positioning strategy and target customers. In fact it can be pointed that all these factors are interrelated and companies consider all these factors while making marketing plans. The paper looks into preparing marketing plans for a commercial organisation. The chosen organisation is Kebab Thyme, a restaurant in Australia presenting tasty Central Asian dishes with western touch. The report closely delves into these concepts like branding positioning and BCG matrix in the light of Kebab Thyme(Thyme 2017). Report aim: The aim of the report is to prepare marketing plan for a commercial organisation. The aim is also to delve into important aspects of marketing plans like segmentation, targeting and position of products in the market. Structure: The assignment opens a study of correlated situation analysis followed by a PLC analysis. The next section is a BCG matrix based on the products of Kebab Thyme followed by an Ansoff analysis. A set of three marketing objectives based on Ansoff, BCG and PLC follows this section. This is followed by a brand positioning strategy based on marketing objectives of the Kebab Thyme. The last section, the marketing metrics section delves into how Kebab Thyme measures success and its outcomes of its business objectives. Scope: The scope of the study is marketing plan which is a vast area of study spanning related topics like brand equity and positioning. The paper also includes matrices and figures to present the study in a more lucid way before the reader. Correlated situation analysis: Kebab Thyme sells Central Asia food items like kebabs presented in Mexican and Ottaman style to appeal to the local population. The following is the situation analysis of the restaurant: Strengths: The main strength of Kebab Thyme is its high quality food products, which are available at very affordable prices. The customer review shows that the customers enjoy food offered by Kebab Thyme. They also enjoy the ambience offered by the restaurant and the services of its trained staffs. This shows that the restaurant enjoys a very big base of loyal customers and very high market position in Australian fast food market(zomato.com. 2017). The restaurant allows online ordering of food items using its official website portal. The customers can also order food using food ordering and delivery portals like Zomato. This shows that the restaurant is financially very strong which enables it to invest in technology and ecommerce marketing(Ryan 2016). The strong financial and technological strength of Kebab Thyme allow bring about innovation in its product line and bring about more innovative products like The Mexican Kebab which combines Central Asian and Mexican tastes. This helps the restaurant to serve a large base of customers having diverse tastes. Weaknesses: The biggest weakness of Kebab Thyme is the challenge it faces due to rise in health consciousness among the Australian people. The Australian people are increasing becoming aware of the harmful impacts of fast food on their bodies like obesity. The government of the Australia also impose certain restrictions on the fast food businesses like increase in tax. These taxes raise the expenditure of the restaurant(Poti et al. 2014). The fast food industry is less well developed compared to other industries like automobile and construction. Hence, Kebab Thyme finds it difficult to attract highly qualified and experienced human resources. This weakness of the fast food industry as a whole increases the operating costs of Kebab Thyme. Opportunities: Kebab Thyme must expand its product line to incorporate Australian dishes like pea and ham soup. This will give it the opportunity to appear more Australian and attract more customers(Woodgate 2017). Kebab Thyme must incorporate health food product variant of like kebabs having less oil and salt. This would help the company attract the health conscious customers as well which will increase its revenue generation. This offering food with less oil and spices would help the restaurant to counteract the controversies it faces due to impact of its food product on the consumers health. Threats: The restaurant has a limited presence within Australia and receives threats from all local fast food sellers. Kebab Thyme receives bigger threats from international fast food giants like KFC and McDonalds as well. These fast chains serve pastas and pizzas, which are apparently healthier than kebabs and wraps. Thus, they succeed in attracting more customers than Kebab Thyme. The restaurant as pointed out faces serious threats from the society owing to the hamrmful impacts of its fast food products on the consumers. Kebab Thyme faces criticisms from media, government bodies and the society at large. It is also threatened by the legal actions and probes initiated by the government bodies. Product lifecycle(PLC) analysis: Product lifecycle of PLC of food products of Kebab Thyme consist of four stages namely, introduction, growth stage, maturity and decline stage. The following are the analysis of the product lifecycle stages of food items introduced by Kebab Thyme: Introduction stage: Kebab Thyme introduces new food items on its menu cards to serve diverse and continuously changing needs of the customers. The restaurant introduces new food products and advertises them in various ways to raise customer awareness and demand for them. The products in the introductory stage do not attract high demand from the customers and hence does not generate much revenue. The restaurant has to inject huge amount of money into the promotion of new products to generate maximum demand and to ensure that they start generating revenue from the customers. It advertises its new food products at the important crossings and in important places like shopping malls and airports. The firm also advertises its food products on the digital platform like Zomato and on its own official website(Morais 2016). This enables the new products in the introduction of their lifecycle attracts a large customer base(Ros 2016). Growth Stage: As per Wellner(2015) the food products in the growth stage experience strong growth in demand and sale. This growth in demand and sale for the products happen due to extensive promotional activities carried out by Kebab Thyme to make its new products famous among its customers. These food products in their growth stage start attracting large consumer base and generating revenue. Maturity: Fawole and Opara(2013) state that products in the maturity stage generate huge revenue and requires very little investment from the firm to promote them. This is because the food products in the maturity stage already have their individual loyal base of customers who consume them regularly. The kebab items like The Mexican receive huge orders from the buyers both in the restaurant and over the online food ordering portals like Zomato. These food products in the maturity stage earn huge revenue for the firm. The firm can redirect the revenue it earns from sale of products in maturity towards promotion of products in introductory and growth stages(Cooper 2014). Decline stage: The food products in this stage generate very demand because they fail to meet the new demands of the consumers. The lack of demand of such products lead to fall in their profit generation. Kebab Thyme deals with the food items in this stage in two ways. First, it withdraws the products in decline stage and introduces new products. Second, it introduces new variants of the product in decline stage for example, if the product in decline stage is a ham category, the firm introduces new product, which is of chicken or pork category. The firm in both the cases introduces the new products by treating them like products in the introductory stage(Fuller 2016). BCG matrix: The Boston Consultancy Group Matrix can be divided into four components namely, cash cows, dogs, question marks and stars. The explanation of these four basis and the analysis of the food products of Kebab thyme are as follows: Cash Cows: The cash cows are applicable for products which enjoy high market share in a slow growing market. The companies generate huge revenue by selling them and have to spend very little on boosting their market demand because they already share strong market share. The graph points out to the steady increase in fast food outlets in Australia, which shows that fast food market in Australia is growing very fast. This analysis shows that the fast food does not belong to the category of cash cows because they deal in slow growing markets(Cantwell 2015). The dogs refer to products, which experience low demand in slow growing industries. It can be pointed from the graph above that fast food is a fast growing industry and hence, Kebab Thyme, being a part of the industry does not fall into the category of dogs. Question marks: The question marks represent the products which have low market share in high growth market. An analysis of the statement shows that it is related to newly introduced products in the market. Thus, the newly introduced products by Kebab Thyme come under this category(Fenwick, Kaal and Vermeulen 2017). Stars: The stars represent products, which enjoy high market value in a fast moving market. As per Markey and Watson(2017) the expenditure on fast food in Australia is expected to grow more than $37 billion in 2017. This shows that the fast food market in Australia is growth very fast and the positive reviews Kebab Thyme receives shows that it enjoys a high market share. Thus, the established food items of the restaurant belong to this category. In short, the new food products of Kebab Thyme belong to the question mark category while the established food items belong to star category, which is shown in the figure below. Stars ?(New products of Kebab Thyme) Cash cows Dogs(Established products of Kebab Thyme) The strategic planning tool of Ansoff matrix stands on four pillars namely, market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. The firms use market penetration to enter deeper into the existing markets in order to gain higher market capturing. The firms enter new markets with their existing products, which are known as market development. The companies enter existing markets using new products, which are known as product development(Fung 2014). The entering of new markets with new products is known as diversification. Kebab Thyme takes to market penetration by promoting its products to generate demand from new areas in Australia. It can also be pointed out that the firm applies product development by introducing new food products. However the firm has no presence beyond Australia which limits its capability of using diversification strategy of introducing new products in new markets to earn high competitive advantage. Market penetration Market development Product development Diversification Three main marketing objectives based on BCG, Ansoff and PLC: Three analysis of the PLC, BCG and Ansoff matrices based on Kebab Thyme reveal three main marketing objectives which are as follows: Increase in competitiveness: As pointed out in the BCG matrix, the fast food market is a very fast growing market in Australia attracting new business firms which is making it extremely competitive. The firms first objective of market as a result should be to gain more market penetration by marketing its products. This would help it to sell its products to a larger base of customers and earn higher profits. This would enhance its competitive advantage in the market and help it to counteract challenges from international players like KFC(Zakharova et al. 2015). Increase in profitability: Kebab Thyme does not have international presence as pointed out in the Ansoff matrix which weakens its profitability compared to international competitors like KFC. Thus conducting aggressive marketing would help it to achieve deeper market penetration in Australia and earn higher profits. The increased profits can also be reinvested by the company to expand into new markets which in turn enhance its profitability(McMurrian and Matulich 2016). Customer loyalty and growth: Yoo and Bai(2013) state that customer loyalty and growth leads to business organisations. It can also be pointed that marketing of high quality products to customers helps the firms to generate high profits. Hence, Kebab Thyme can market its matured products to customers to develop a loyal customer and earn high profits. Branding positioning strategy according to the marketing mix: Kebab Thyme would position its entire product portfolio in the market as a restaurant offering high quality Central Asian delicacies in Australia using the following four strategies: The restaurant should position itself in the market as a high quality fast food producer. It should promote its entire portfolio aggressive in the market to gain high competitiveness. The restaurant should give offers to the customers to attract more customers and gain more profits. These offers should be offered to both customers who visit the restaurant and those who order online. This would allow the firm to attract more customers and gain higher competitiveness in the market. The third branding strategy would branding the products to match the culture of Australia. This would allow the firm to attract more Australian customers and gain higher competitiveness compared to foreign companies like KFC. It must use CSR as a brand positioning strategy and position itself as a business unit who operates to benefit the community by providing high quality food. It must also collaborate with local suppliers like farmers which it to promote its brand as a socially responsible brand. Framework of marketing matrix: The marketing matrix consists of the 4Ps of marketing namely, product, place, price and promotion. The below figure shows that marketing matrix based on Kebab Thyme: Product: The high quality food offered by Kebab Thyme. Place: Australia, has both physical outlets and present online as well to accept orders from customers Promotion: Advertisments, offers and discounts Price: Affordable Kebab Thyme can measure its success on the basis of the matrix. For example, it can compare the revenues it generates during and after offer a discount. The difference in profits would show the result achieved by floating the promotional offer. Thus, this analysis shows that marketing matrix can be used by Kebab Thyme to measure its financial and market performance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that marketing plans are very crucial to the business organisations to retain high competitive position in the market and generate high profits. Marketing plan of fast food firms like Kebab Thyme depend on analysis of the market using the tools like BCG matrix, Ansoff matrix and marketing matrix. These tools provides the companies with valuable information so that they can position their brand in the market to earn high profits. References: Baker, P. (2017).Fat nation: why so many Australians are obese and how to fix it. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/fat-nation-why-so-many-australians-are-obese-and-how-to-fix-it-23783 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Cantwell, B., 2015. Are international students cash cows? Examining the relationship between new international undergraduate enrollments and institutional revenue at public colleges and universities in the US.Journal of International Students,5(4), pp.512-525. Cooper, R.G., 2014. What's Next?: After Stage-Gate.Research-Technology Management,57(1), pp.20-31. Fawole, O.A. and Opara, U.L., 2013. Changes in physical properties, chemical and elemental composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (cv. Ruby) fruit at five maturity stages.Scientia Horticulturae,150, pp.37-46. Fenwick, M., Kaal, W.A. and Vermeulen, E.P., 2017. The UnmediatedAnd Tech-DrivenCorporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies. Fuller, G.W., 2016.New food product development: from concept to marketplace. CRC Press. Fung, H.P., 2014. The Relationships among Porter Five Forces, Generic Strategies, Ansoff Growth Strategies Strategy Methods in an IT IndustryA Conceptual Paper. Markey, A. and Watson, C. (2017).Australia's takeaway bill to hit $37bn. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/national/obesity-levels-show-australia-is-the-chubby-country/news-story/7e4b8198e68a0761a9d0a886ca8dc8c6 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. McMurrian, R.C. and Matulich, E., 2016. Building customer value and profitability with business ethics.Journal of Business Economics Research (Online),14(3), p.83. Morais, M.M.R.D.A., 2016.h3, New hamburgology adapting to the contemporary consumer: how plant-based lifestyles affect the fast food industry(Doctoral dissertation). Poti, J.M., Duffey, K.J. and Popkin, B.M., 2014. The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?.The American journal of clinical nutrition,99(1), pp.162-171. Ros, M., 2016. Responsive Website vs. Mobile Application: Street Food in Phnom Penh. Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M.L. and Bagwe, S., 2016. Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Thyme, K. 2017.Kebab Thyme - Order home delivery/takeaway online. [online] Kebab-thyme.com.au. Available at: https://www.kebab-thyme.com.au/kebab-thyme#prettyPhoto [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. WellneAnswer:on and integration of the world economy as drivers of economic growth.Journal of Service Management,26(4), pp.565-587. Woodgate, T. (2017).Australia: 40 dishes locals call their own. [online] CNN Travel. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/australian-food/index.html [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Yoo, M. and Bai, B., 2013. Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.166-177. Zakharova, E.N., Prokhorova, V.V., Shutilov, F.V. and Klochko, E.N., 2015. Modern tendencies of cluster development of regional economic systems.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(5 S3), p.154. zomato.com. 2017.Kebab Thyme Burwood East Fast Food. [online] Available at: https://www.zomato.com/melbourne/kebab-thyme-burwood-east/reviews [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017].

Careers in Law Enforcement free essay sample

Choosing a Career In Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Careers This paper is an exploration into a career in law enforcement. It briefly summarizes the history of policemen in the United States. It will also convey different types of careers in law enforcement and provide salary information. There is information concerning requirements to become local, state and federal officers. Everyone has dreams and aspirations. For me, as a child, I always thought that I would have a law enforcement. Growing up, my great uncle was always some sort of law enforcement officer and was my idol. In later years, there was a fascination with federal law enforcement. Most recently, my fascination has been in police forensics, no doubt inspired by the litany of television shows. There is a vast array of specialties in law enforcement and the criminal sciences. To start in this career field, it is important to understand its origins. We will write a custom essay sample on Careers in Law Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Policing is an old and noble profession, predating the Norman conquest around 1066. As the colonies were settled, it was yet another British idea that was adopted by the colonists. Initially, policing was the job of a Justice Of the Peace. With the organization of the colonies and growing cities and towns, there was an apparant need for an organized and paid police force. Boston founded a Night Watch in 1636. In 1651, New York City established the Shout and Rattle Watch. As the larger cities continued to grow, Philadelphia divided the city into ten patrol areas in 1705. Philadelphia also led the way by establishing a 24-hour police force in 1833. New York ran two separate police forces, a day and a night watch, in 1844. Police Chiefs typically had ties to politicians and corruption was commonplace. Police departments today are highly specialized with Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Teams, internal crime labs, multiple departments such as vice and homicide, and even numerous sub stations or precincts. Many police departments rely heavily on community outreach as well. There are law enforcement explorer organizations and neighborhood crime watches in most major metropolitan areas. Some localities even have citizen police academies. This offers many opportunities to be something other than a â€Å"beat cop† and peaks public interest in law enforcement careers. Many opportunities in the nation’s leading departments and most in federal law enforcement agencies require college degrees. Universities and colleges offer degrees in criminal and forensic science, computer crimes, and criminal justice, to name a few. This shows how law enforcement has evolved from simply deterring crime and chasing criminals. Competition in these jobs is hard and a degree could be just what puts you in the running for an open position. A law enforcement career is not for becoming rich. The national average salary is fifty thousand dollars. That is actually a big part of the attraction. To know that you are putting yourself in harm’s way daily, protecting and serving your community for such little monetary benefit is very honorable. Wanting to be a cop starts with knowing what kind of cop you want to be. You could be a city policeman, a sheriff, a highway patrolman or a federal agent. Non-federal jobs, though hard, are easier to obtain. Typically to become a municipal officer, sheriff or highway patrol officer, you must be 21 years of age, possess a high school diploma, be physically fit, be a U. S. citizen and have clean driving and credit records (Smith, 2011). After passing an examination, you would be enrolled in a law enforcement academy. Federal agencies normally require at least a bachelor’s degree. To join the FBI, you must have a four year-degree (FBI Careers, 2011) in addition to the requirements above. Also, you need three years of professional work experience and to have never defaulted on a student loan. A CSI (Crime Scene Investigator) is the profession that most of us are in love with at the moment. Do you suppose kids play CSI and robbers instead of cops and robbers? Television shows like the CSI franchise have introduced us to this line of work which is often behind the scenes. It involves gathering, testing and analyzing evidence to help solve a crime and or build a case against a suspect. Some people in this line of work are not even sworn officers. Most are sworn officers but not all (International Crime Scene Investigators Association, 2006) The difference is arrest powers and most often salary. Salary ranges from twenty to fifty thousand dollars. In a small rural police department you may or may not need a degree. Though steeped in history, being a public servant and protector of the people is quite noble, but not necessarily financially rewarding at the entry level, though a seasoned officer can make a decent living. One must know and understand the different types of law enforcement officer to make an informed choice so that they feel rewarded and satisfied with their decision. You also need to live a somewhat moral and virtuous life without any â€Å"skeletons† in your closet.

After Blenheim by Robert Southey and Drummer Hodge by Thomas Hardy Essay Example

After Blenheim by Robert Southey and Drummer Hodge by Thomas Hardy Essay Example After Blenheim by Robert Southey and Drummer Hodge by Thomas Hardy Paper After Blenheim by Robert Southey and Drummer Hodge by Thomas Hardy Paper Essay Topic: Burial Rites Poetry Thomas Hardy Poems After Blenheim is a poem written by Robert Southey in 1798. It is about an old man named Kasper. Kasper is telling his grandchildren, Peterkin and Wilhelmine, about the Battle of Blenheim (1704) during the Franco Prussian War. It was written to give an anti-war message because of the situation between England and France. Hardy wrote Drummer Hodge in 1899 during the Boer War. It is about a young drummer boy who is in an unknown place. It was written to give Hardys point of view on the war between England and the Boers. The story was chosen to give a message of war and experience for young men. Hardy wrote it because he believed it was strange that a young boy should leave his home in Wessex to enter the war and end his life dead in Africa, a country that he knows nothing of and is forever lost. After Blenheim is a very suitable title telling the reader that the poem is about the Battle of Blenheim. It begins in a narrative form, at Old Kaspers farm. It starts oddly with a description of a warm evening. The discovery of a skull leads to his grandchildren asking him about the war. Kasper recalls how his father lived in Blenheim and how his dwelling was burnt down and with his wife and child he fled. The poem goes on to describe children dying. This was to give the disgusting picture of what war is really like. However, Kasper doesnt sound surprised by this and only thinks that its natural, in a war, that lives are sacrificed for a famous victory. Then Kasper explains the image of the aftermath. Bodies here lay rotting in the sun gives a picture of mounds of dead bodies piled together. The reader notices his story on Blenheim progresses poorer until the Duke and Price Eugene are mentioned. But, one may notice that when Wilhelmine says it was a very wicked thing Kasper hesitates but can only reply with Nay ay. This may be interpreted as Kasper having doubts on what the government and propaganda has taught him. The rhyme scheme in After Blenheim is ABCBDD. This gives the war poem a very childish, nursery-rhyme effect and is insistent. The rhythm of the poem assists this view. Because it gives it more support as a childrens poem. Drummer Hodge is a title telling the reader that the poem is based on one boy from a war. However, one doesnt notice at first, that it is very sarcastic; that Hodge is a derogatory name given to uncomplicated people from the countryside, by city folk. The story is based upon a young drummer boy sent into the Boer War. Hes just died and the poem begins with a scene of hundreds of bodies being thrown into a heap, with no funeral or procession. It is considered very heartbreaking that the boy has died lost, in an unknown place. Unfamiliar people and sounds surround him and foreign constellations mark the stars that signify the boys resting place although they are unknown stars to him. The second verse describes how he was born in Wessex and died in a strange place. The poem then goes on to tell the reader about the boys burial spot means his body will grow with a Southern tree although he was born with a Northern breast and brain. And the ending of the poem explains how he is eternally where he doesnt belong. The ending is considered very ironic because he will forever be with outlandish scenery. It is also very ironic that the drummer boy was killed although it is only the soldiers jobs to kill, the young boy doesnt kill others. Although the rhyme scheme is very similar to that of After Blenheim, this poem has a different effect. This is possibly because it has a more advanced vocabulary and is not for the faint of heart. After Blenheim and Drummer Hodge have some similarities, which make them good poems to compare. Firstly, they are both about war and both convey the poets feelings on war as useless and un-resolving. Also, both poets seem to feel sorry for the boys and men that died in the war because Hardy writes bluntly, how the boy is uncoffined just as found. I think Southey uses an underlying theme of wars pointlessness and how it cost lives although no one ever knew why. The rhythm and rhyme of the two poems are fairly similar and can both be considered based upon the average nursery rhyme. The tones of both are very depressing because, in After Blenheim he talks about mother then and new-born baby died. Both poets begin the poems peacefully. Drummer Hodge begins with the burial of a boy. This is sad, but peaceful. After Blenheim starts with the grandfather resting after working. Hardy and Southeys poems are very different in many ways. Drummer Hodge was written at the time of the war however, After Blenheim was written long after the Battle of Blenheim. Also, Hardys poem is about South Africa, but After Blenheim is about England. The two poems are based on very diverse people. After Blenheim is concerning an old man but Drummer Hodge relates to a young boy. Hardys poem is mature and isnt for the faint of heart, but the other poem is much more childish and simple. After Blenheim is a story of someone who lived through the war and is therefore less depressing than Drummer Hodge, which is about a boy who died during the Boer War. Also, Drummer Hodge makes the reader sympathize with the boy, but After Blenheim makes you pity Kasper and feel sorry for the civilians who died. Overall, After Blenheim can be taken as a childrens poem because of the rhyming and rhythm. However, I think that those who truly read into the poem, between the lines, discover the underlying theme. Therefore, it is rather complicated and may be approached as a childrens poem, but is for older readers. Drummer Hodge is definitely not for younger individuals because it is very detailed and is more sophisticated with vocabulary more advanced, and including Afrikaans. I think both poets put across their views on war very clearly and very well.

Response to classmate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response to classmate - Essay Example 144). Rules and regulations should not just apply to particular individuals but everyone. I agree with you that individuals are not homogenous and are bound to behave contrary to the set moral obligations. I agree with your point of view because I believe that moral principles are binding to everyone in the society irrespective of status or religion. I agree with the utilitarian theory which states that humans are bound by the moral ethics to understand the consequences of their actions (Boss, 2015, pp. 282). The essence of duty is moral decision-making. It is important to note that some actions are morally essential regardless of the inherent consequences. Boss (2015) notes that performance of duty should be based on goodwill. I agree with this point of view because some people act based on a reward system or some form of punishment (Boss, 2015, pp. 288). Rights ethic is the defining standard through which humans derive protection of dignity and

Unit Plan for English learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unit Plan for English learners - Essay Example Be able to deal with political issue and to understand how to protect oneself from any political issue The learner should be able to get some English concepts while learning social studies in class Introduce the use of computers in the teaching of social studies Unit objectives By the end of this course the learner should be able to 1. Identify the different types of politics in a given country and to give different countries in the world that use different forms of politics. 2. Identify the different methodologies that can be used to collect data relating to politics and how this can be improved. 3. Identify the different people in the world who have contributed positively and those who have contributed negatively to politics in the world 4. Be able to identify the different themes in journals that they get in class and to explain how each relate with the different politics and how it can be changed 5.Provide a good summary of the things that is learnt in class and how to implement it 6.Be able to present a well written essay about the political scene of the country in good grammar with no grammatical error. 7.Be able to differentiate the different types of citizenship and the roles of international boundaries to the development of the economy of the people in the world as a whole.... 7. Be able to differentiate the different types of citizenship and the roles of international boundaries to the development of the economy of the people in the world as a whole. Fitting the unit to the goals of the subject The main goal of this subject is to teach student to learn how to become responsible people for their country and to know how to make important decisions that pertains to the development of the country. The subject also has the goal of making the learner know how his actions as an individual can affect the whole republic. Apart from the political sides, the learner is also supposed to learn some Basic English concepts. Writing is one of the English concepts that the learner is supposed to grasp from the experience of this writing. Apart from the writing skills the learner should also be able to equip themselves with necessary skills in research work such as the methodology that is to be used in a particular field of study. All these are fulfilled by the study of th is unit. First the objectives of the study ensures that the learner fully understand the political responsibility that he has to fulfill to the nation and what his role to the politics of a nation is. The unit also entails some small research that involves use of different methodologies to find out more about the research thesis. By this the unit is able to achieve one of its major goals which are to enhance the learner to be able to identify the different methodologies that are used in a particular subject. Writing skills is also a goal that is achieved as the learner is able to get some writing skills from the unit. Student characteristics Most of the learners in this class have English as their first language

An introduction to the Nestle Company

An introduction to the Nestle Company Nestle was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle with headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland. It has employed around 250,000 people and has factories or operations in almost every country in the world. It is one of the worlds biggest food and Beverage Companies. The Companys priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. 1.1: PURPOSE OF RESEARCH The study of the research is to find the variable which has leads towards conflicts in Nestle Organization. The main purpose of the research is, firstly, to identify the causes of conflicts in Nestle and, secondly, to manage conflicts in Nestle organization. This report will be helpful for students who want to conduct a research as well as the company improving or solving the problems. 1.2: BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY All of us experience some type of conflicts in our daily lives. Tensions, antagonisms, and frustrations always occur when people work together. There are disagreements, perhaps even fights, between employees and the supervisor or between co-workers. Aside from personality clashes, people simply have different viewpoints about the way things should be done. The main purpose of conducting the research is to find out the conflicts, and finding the ways to manage and solve them in an organisation. In this context we have got the opportunity to conduct our research on one of the top organizations (Nestle). 1.3: DEFINITION OF CONFLICT Conflict is defined as the state of discord caused by perceived or actual opposition of needs, interests and values. A conflict can be internal or external. The concept of conflict can help to explain many social aspects of life such as social disagreement, fights between individuals, groups, or organizations and conflict of interests. Conflict as taught for graduate and professional work in conflict resolution which is defined as when two or more parties, with perceived incompatible goals, seek to undermine each others goal-seeking capability. However, conflict can also occur in cooperative situations, in which two or more individuals or parties have consistent goals, because the manner in which individuals or party tries to reach their goal can still undermine the other individuals or party. 1.4: NATURE OF CONFLICT Conflict may constructively be viewed as resulting from differing belief systems, varied perspectives on the situation and values resulting from participants accumulated life experience and conditioning, differing interests and objectives. Effectively dealing with conflict requires the expression and management of participants varying interests, belief systems, perspectives and values. Through the integration of participants perspectives, belief systems, interests and values, conflict and conflict resolution play important roles in individual and social evolution and development. Conflict arises when one or more participants view the current system as not working. At least one party is adequately unhappy with the position, that they are willing to own the conflict and speak with the hope of being able to influence the situation to arrive at an improved condition. Conflict may be sight as a process we put ourselves through to attain a new condition and self definition. Through conflict we have opportunities to be artistically self-defining. If nothing else, conflict allows us in future to do things differently. Through the resolution of conflict, we can evolve and redefine ourselves, our community, our relationships our society and our world. 1.5: LEVELS OF CONFLICT 1.5.0: Inter divisional conflict Inter divisional conflicts exists between the perceiver and another individual within the organization. Although the other person does not need to be aware of the conflict, the perceiver of the conflict situation recognizes the present or future impact conflict can have on job performance. 1.5.1: Intra group conflict Intra group conflicts occur between perceiver and his or her immediate group within the organization. The immediate group can consist of work team, department or union. Whether fully or only superficially aware of the conflict issue, the perceiver realizes that the conflict can directly or indirectly affect job performance. 1.5.2: Inter group conflict It arises between the perceivers immediate group and another group within the organization. Again, the perceivers involvement may not be critical, but he or she must be aware of the situation and the potential impact the conflict can have on work performance. 1.5.3: Organizational conflict Organizational conflict is a state of disagreement caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests between people working together. 1.6: TYPES OF CONFLICT A conceptual conflict can rise into a verbal exchange or result in fighting.Conflict can exist at a variety of types. These are Community conflict Diplomatic conflict Emotional conflict Environmental resources conflict Group conflict Ideological conflict Interpersonal conflict Inter-societal conflict Intrapersonal conflict Organizational conflict Religious-based conflict and Workplace conflict . 1.7: CAUSES OF CONFLICTS 1.7.0: Authority relationship Authority Relationship conflicts occur because of the existence of strong pessimistic emotions, misperceptions or stereotypes, poor communication or miscommunication, or repetitive negative behaviors. Authority relationship problems often increase disputes and lead to an unnecessary rising spiral of destructive conflict. Supporting the secure and balanced expression of perspectives and emotions for acknowledgment (not agreement) is one effective approach to managing relational conflict. 1.7.1: Management style For any organization to be effectual and efficient in achieving its goals, the people in the organisation need to have a common vision of what they are determined to achieve, as well as clear objectives for each individual, group/ team and department. Management style also needs ways of recognizing and resolving conflict between people, so that conflict does not become so serious that collaboration becomes impossible. The management of any organisation needs to have ways of keeping conflict to a minimum and of solving problems caused by conflict, before conflict becomes a major obstruction to work. Management style helps to avoid conflict where probable and organizing to resolve conflict where it does happen, as rapidly and smoothly as possible. 1.7.2: Communication barriers: Conflict will be greater when barriers to communication exist. If parties are separated from each other physically or by time e.g.; the day shift versus the night shift-the opportunity for conflict is increased. To illustrate suppose a company employs only one plant supervisor, who works the day shift and leaves orders at the beginning of each week for the workers on the night shift. By the end of the week, how ever, these orders have been only partially carried out. The supervisor cannot figure out why. Obviously, the supervisor absence from the night shift has posed a communication barrier, which in turn causes decreased output. As Bryans, P, Cronin argued in 1984 that Space or time separations could promote isolated group interests rather than advance a common effort towards joint goals. 1.7.3: Personal factors 1.7.3.0: Behavioral The way emotional experience gets expressed which can be verbal or non-verbal and intentional or un-intentional. 1.7.3.1: Physiological Its defined as the bodily experience of emotion. The way emotions make us feel in comparison to our identity. 1.7.3.2: Cultural values Culture tells people who are a part of it, Which emotions ought to be expressed in particular situations and what emotions are to be felt. 1.7.3.3: Physical This escalation results from anger or frustration. 1.7.3.4: Verbal This escalation results from negative perceptions of the annoyers character. 1.8: WAYS OF ADRESSING CONFLICTS There are basically five ways of addressing conflicts which were identified by Thomas and Kilman in 1976. These are 1.8.0: AHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodationccommodation Ones party surrenders its own needs and wishes to accommodate the other party. 1.8.1: AHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoidance_(conflict)voidance Avoid conflict by ignoring it, changing the subject, etc. As an expedient means of dealing with very minor, non-recurring conflicts or Avoidance can be useful as a temporary measure to buy time. In many cases, conflict avoidance involves severing a relationship. 1.8.2: CHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborationollaboration Working together can find a mutually beneficial solution. Collaboration can also be inappropriate and time-intensive. When there is not enough respect, trust or communication among participants for collaboration to occur. 1.8.3: CHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromiseompromise Finding a centre point where each party is partially satisfied. 1.8.4: CHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitionompetition Take the ones point of view at the potential expense of another. It can be more useful when achieving the ones objectives outweighs ones concern for the relationship CHAPTER # 2 2.0: LITERATURE REVIEW Different researchers have published their reviews on conflicts in the organization. We are viewing two best reviews of the researchers articles. Mr. Philips in 1982 threw light on some of key conditions, which may lead to serious organizational conflicts; he gave his views in the book named as Community in Organization. According to M Phillips certain social relationships characterized various kinds of conflict behavior. Each one could occur in your work area. The more aware the managers are of these conflict settings, the better are the chances of correcting them and running a smooth operation. Mr. Philip identified communication as problem in his research. The causes of conflicts are structural factors, authority relationships, common resources, goal differences interdependence, jurisdictional ambiguities, specialization, status-inconsistencies, personal factors, communication, conflict management style, cultural differences, emotions, perception, personalities, skills and abilities, values and ethics. According to the researcher, possible solution; it is obvious that a perfect communication system is unlikely. But also per fection like rationality will not be achieved; organizations do have mechanism by which they can attempt the communication system as clear as they can. Philips also suggested that there are such devices available which can reduce the distortion and complications in communication process and suggested that communication recipients should be aware of the biases of the message senders and protect their own counter biases as protection devices. James M Leif John M Penrose in 1997 in the book Business Strategies Skills 5th Edition explained the nature of organizational conflicts identify the causes of conflicts i.e. Structural Factors, Common Resources , Goal Differences , Interdependence ,    Jurisdictional Ambiguities, Inconsistencies ,Personal Factors Communication barriers, Conflict management style ,Cultural differences ,Emotions Perception, Personalities, Skills and abilities, Values and Ethics, Behavioral and Physiological Cognitive. The researchers says that it is possible to avoid conflict by having mechanism such as voting to make decision without the disagreement of consensus. They also find that behavioral regulation fail to match the individual need of employee, conflict is bound to occur. In 1995 B R Siwal in his research Resolution Strategies to Conflict describes that conflict is a necessary and integral part of effective problem solving and realistic discussions. It is core sound of decision making because disagreement is the best vehicle for enlargement the perspective, discovering alternatives, and motivating creative interaction among each member. The effects of disagreement, though, depend on how it is administer by team members. Conflict can be integrative and constructive or it can be distributive and disruptive. When mismanagement occur, conflict can demolish team effectiveness, when handled well it can deeply enhance the quality of team work and make members sense proud of their work in the team. Training in the nature of conflict and the ways of managing it is an imperative need of all the people who participates in problem solving groups, such as those that make up work teams. The negative association of conflicts wants to be dispelled and substitute with more practical conceptions that made the justifiable distinction between disruptive and constructive conflict. When team members see that conflict can be a positive strength in conversation, they are better prepared to take up effective proposal attitudes and behaviors in trouble solving situations. Further more the differences between integrative and distributive conflict can help them learn how their own behavior contributes to the atmosphere of the team which they belong. Davor Dujak in 2008 describes in his research that in every organization conflict encounters on a daily basis. The conflict cannot be avoided but it is probable to mange them in a way that we identify them on time. It is essential to constantly track the organizational signals which position to their existence. If Organization does not respond accordingly, this can lead to the condition that conflict itself manages the organization. One of the more important determinants of productivity, performance and efficiency and finally the job satisfaction is also the conflict as an independent variable of organizational behavior. By systematic research of organizational behavior we want to make a positive influence on the dependents variables, but first we have to realize and get a good approaching to the individual elements of organizational behavior. In 2004 Melanie Lewis describes in her research that if conflict managed poorly or avoided, it can be very costly to an organization. If managed well, conflict presents an opportunity to uncover significance and promote a healthy work place. Many organizations are finding that their conflicts management systems have been good by financial investments, generating a healthy return. In additional they are recognizing the value of many less substantial benefits (lower turnover, increased efficiencies, improved morale and improve public relations). A precise four phased process assessment, design, implementation, operation and evaluation helps organizations design effective conflict management systems to gather the maximum benefit of conflict system. Moreover this four phased approach strongly encourages the team actually to seek to understand and incorporate the needs and interests of all affected constituency, and creates an environment in which the benefits of the system can be effecti vely communicated, implemented and administered. In 2010 De Dreu C.K describes in his research that conflict is a multidimensional with both relationship and task forms. Hence it is expected that if they change the managing type of conflicts, it will plays an important role in organizational performance. While if organization did not manage good, the conflict will plays a negative role. However the researcher discussed only two types of conflicts in his research namely affective and task conflict in order to play better role in organizational performance. After studying the reviews of different researchers, we will take help from different researches but our group decided that we will follow the research of M Philip because they dictate information about factors which are important for identifying conflicts and understanding the meaning of conflict and how it influences the organizations internal environment in solving problems. CHAPTER # 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0: Research type: The type of research that we are conducting is applied research because it is conducted for a particular organization. Applied research is practical applicability of research tools on a particular organizational situation. 3.1: data collection We will be collecting our data by using two sources which are as follows. 3.1.0: Primary data Our primary data is collected through conducting interviews and designed questionnaires from directors, managers and employees of Nestle. 3.1.1: Secondary data The secondary data is collected from past records of Nestle and books along with business articles to support our recommendations and suggestions. 3.2: Sample size During this survey we have taken responses from a Sample size of 30 which is further divided into two groups. We also conducted survey from 10 managers and 20 employees. The sampling type that we used is non random sampling technique because we want to get information from every third employee and manager of Nestle organization. Our survey is in questionnaire and interview form, so our questionnaires consist of open ended and close ended questions. We have conducted unstructured interviews, asked from the respondents to get more information. CHAPTER # 4 ANALYSIS 4.0: INTRODUCTION TO DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis is a practice in which the raw data is ordered and organized in order to extract useful information from it. The process of organizing and thinking about data is the key to understand what the data does and does not contain. There are varieties of ways in which people can approach data analysis, and it is infamously easy to manipulate data during the analysis phase to push certain conclusions. There are different methods for analyzing the data for example surveys, charts, frequency tables, graphs and personal observations etc. 4.1: ANALYSING FOR CORRECTION OF DATA We had conducted unstructured interviews for analyzing of questionnaires which we had made for collecting data from employees and managers to check whether the answers given by them are right or wrong. We had found no matches; the interview opposes the answers given by them in questionnaires. We have analyzed our data through frequency tables and bar charts. 4.2: FREQUENCY TABLE Frequency table is one of the important concepts in mathematical statistics and a good analyzing tool. A table divided into cells by category with counts for each category in each cell. It is a kind of display of a given data, in which the frequency of each data item is found. The frequency of a data item is the number of times it occurs in the data set. 4.3: BAR GRAPH A graph consisting of parallel, usually vertical bars or rectangles with lengths proportional to the frequency with which specified quantities occur in a set of data. A bar graph is a pictographic version of statistical data in which the independent variable can attain only certain discrete values. The dependent variable may be discrete or continuous. The most common form of bar graph is the vertical bar graph, also called a column graph. This type of display allows us to: Compare groups of data, and To make generalizations about the data quickly. 4.4: ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRES 4.4.0: FROM MANAGEMENT 1) More than the desired output of the employees make can be harmful to the organization?     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a) YES b) NO Variables Codes Frequency Yes 01 9 No 02 1 Table: 4.4.0.0 Graph: 4.4.0.0 2) There is a free flow of communication among the employees:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a) YES b) NO Variables Codes Frequency Yes 01 10 No 02 0 Table: 4.4.0.1 Graph: 4.4.0.1 3) Employees are properly informed about decision taken?     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a) YES b) NO Variables Codes Frequency Yes 01 7 No 02 3 Table: 4.4.0.2 Graph: 4.4.0.2 4) There is a consistency among the management policies:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a) YES b) NO Variables Codes Frequency Yes 01 8 No 02 2 Table: 4.4.0.3 Graph: 4.4.0.3 5) Key post should be through:     Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Direct Appointment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  b) Promotion Variables Codes Frequency Direct appointment 01 8 Promotion 02 2 Table: 4.4.0.4 Graph: 4.4.0.4 4.5.1: FROM EMPLOYEES 1) From how long have you been working in this organization?   6 months 1 year 3 years Or more than 3 years Variables Codes Frequency 6 months 01 4 1 year 02 2 3 years 03 10 Or more than 3 years 04 4 Table: 4.5.1.0 Graph: 4.5.1.0 2) What kind of boss do you like to work with?   Friendly Competent Leant Difficult Variables Codes Frequency Friendly 01 17 Competent 02 3 Leant 03 0 Difficult 04 0 Table: 4.5.1.1 Graph: 4.5.1.1 3) Which type of leaderships style do you like the most? Autocratic Democratic Variables Codes Frequency Autocratic 01 18 Democratic 02 2 Table: 4.5.1.2 Graph: 4.5.1.2 4) How does your management is doing the evaluation among the employees? Performance base Merit base Variables Codes Frequency Performance base 01 18 Merit base 02 2 Table: 4.5.1.3 Graph: 4.5.1.3 5) Which management level should be responsible for problems between employees? Choose any of the following Top level Middle level Lower level Variables Codes Frequency Top level 01 2 Middle level 02 17 Lower level 03 1 Table: 4.5.1.4 Graph: 4.5.1.4 Q6: How do you communicate the unforeseen problem with your manager or general manager?   Answer: Most of the respondents suggested that they like to meet the general managers directly for any unforeseen events. Q7: Do you think your organization should involve the employees in decision making? And why?   Answer: Most of employees consider that their managers are capable of taking right decisions and there is no need of involving employees. While few of them suggested that it can be a source of new and creative ideas. Q8: What can you suggest for a better management system?   Answer: Most of the employees have no idea about it. Few of them believe that friendly environment and better salaries can improve management system. 4.6: INTER ORGANISATIONAL CONFLICTS OF NESTLE The nature conflicts in Nestle found out through the unstructured interviews and through questionnaire with the directors the managers of NESTLE Peshawar are as follows: The first thing which found, was the lack of training given to the employees, managers said that in the organization, employees always have to work together in groups, and if some one feels that he/she cannot work within the group, then there is some problem with that employee, but at the same time managers said that it is the organizations responsibility to teach the employees how to work together in groups through proper training. They mentioned that without training the organizations might face serious types of irresolvable conflicts, which are definitely not fruitful to the organization. The second main reason mentioned by the manager of the company was the Selection Biases, manager said that selection biases may also lead to conflicts within the company, and these conflicts are normally personal as well. The manager said that if in cases the top management (directors) interferes in the process of hiring the employees, they might select the wrong person for the right job. On the other hand there may be serious conflicts going on between the managers the directors on the issues of authority and responsibility balance. Further if the manager takes big decisions like job confirmation salary decisions then, there may be conflicts, and these must be taken by the top management (directors). The manager of NESTLE also raised the point of communications problem. They believe that every information must be communicated from their tables. If in any case any employee bypasses the manger, there may be a conflict between them. Manager also said that there is no need of any employee who bypasses the manager to access to the top management (directors). Usually the organizations do have Coordinators who are directly answerable to the top management. He said that the manager will not be able to properly deal with him and conflicts between them will arise. The manager said that young unmarried employees usually indulge in office politics and make conflicts among the employees. According to him only married and experienced persons should be provided with the jobs. Racial problems also create conflicts among the employees. Bad attitude of the manager and arrogant nature of the boss is also one reason of conflicts. The manager said that effective person but highly cooperative person would be proffered in place of an efficient but uncooperative one. The managers presented the following ideas to prevent conflicts: Contractual Jobs Hire fire system. Authority to the managers Some of them had a bit different views. Director held the middle managements capabilities responsible for the conflicts within the organization. He also said that there is no relationship between the authority and reasonability with the conflicts. He proffered the autocratic style of management in the beginning, but it should be shifted to the democratic style in the later portions. Director said that although the centralized system slows down the process of working, but it will also decrease the conflicts between the employees. They said that, if you (Employee) have to be successful in the company, then you have to become a big YES SIR. One of the director also mentioned that horizontal conflicts are more common. Super seeded persons normally indulge in making conflicts. He said that super seeded persons should be terminated in place of super seeding them. Dress code can experience the anger from the employees due to Ethnic affiliations to some dresses. Directors were strongly in favor of Coordinator, they said that a coordinator channels the communication process between the manager and the top management. He also gave the following ideas to prevent the possible conflicts in the organizations: Promotions Clear line of Authority Not more than one employee from same Regional locations and same institutions/Universities. CHAPTER # 5 5.0: CONCLUSION The Organizational Conflicts is itself not a problem, but it is a serious symptom of some factors that are usually ignored while designing the organizational structures. From the literature review, taking samples (convenience) analysis of the data gathered. Some factors are identified that usually are the root cause of the conflicts. Some of these are: Ethnicity Personal Jealousy Arrogant behaviors (low temperament) Communication problems Due to the nature of the issue the responses from the top (Directors), middle (Managers) lower management (Employees) were totally contrary with each other. For this purpose structured questionnaires (covering both open ended and close ended questions) and unstructured interviews were conducted. That made the deductions possible by comparing the verbal and non verbal responses, rephrasing the same questions two-three times to check the consistency of the replies. The ethnic issue is the most important. Due to ethnicity no sampled branch has been successful in implementing the dress code yet. Even though, all the respondents favoured it. It is observed that employees belonging to KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA are very low tempered. Their frequency of jobs switching is higher than others. It proves that they cannot work in teams and work with an arrogant manager. To conclude, who should be held responsible for conflicts, the manager is the key person who channels the communication whether upward or down ward. 5.1: RECOMMENDATIONS The current thinking should be for the maximum utilization of the companys resources and to push the power and decision making authority down the hierarchy of the organization. This can create more power and flexibility within the company as a whole. Good leaders should not have any problem in delegating power and responsibility. Disagreement with the supervisor should be encouraged as long as it leads to productive results. It is critical for the manager to get diverse work force to work well together and respect their differences. Diversity should be encouraged because it can help the organization in future to adapt to the changing global market. All problems can be prevented from happening and/or rectified, if the middle management (Manager) of the company justifies its position. Middle management plays an anchor role. Manager should be able to deal with all the employees who have different cultural backgrounds, personalities priorities. Hiring experienced and matured managers and providing them training could help the case. On job training of the employees. Open house discussions should be there at least one a month. While assigning the groups to the employees for tasks, it must be assured that all the groups are properly matched. REFERENCE B R Siwal, S 1995, Conflict Resolution Strategies, last viewed date 16 dec, 2010, http://www.scribd.com/doc/19166679/Conflict-Resolution Jacob.Bervich, S 1997, Conflict and Conflict Management in Organizations, last viewed date 12 dec, 2010, .http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vHYPERLINK http://doc